Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives.
Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhin.2013.04.011
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发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dancer SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hobday RA;Dancer SJ
在建筑物中感染是全球疾病和死亡的主要原因。了解感染是如何传播的对公共卫生至关重要，但目前对室内传播的了解仍然很少。回顾自然通风和阳光在控制医疗环境中感染方面的作用。进行了全面的文献搜索，使用电子和图书馆数据库检索英文文献，包括感染、风险、病原体、以及对通风、新鲜空气和阳光的提及。收录有英文翻译的外文文章，发表日期不限。过去，医院的设计都是朝南的玻璃窗、交叉通风和高高的天花板，因为新鲜空气和阳光被认为可以降低感染风险。历史和最近的研究表明，自然通风提供了保护，防止空气传播病原体。颗粒大小、传播特征和传播风险需要更多的工作来证明关于空气传播病原体的感染控制做法是合理的。阳光增强了对感染的抵抗力，较早的研究表明，阳光对表面去污有潜在作用。目前关于病原体在室内传播的知识不足，部分原因是缺乏对颗粒类型和传播机制的商定定义。最近有证据支持关于自然通风影响的历史数据，但几乎没有关于阳光的数据。为了舒适而设计医疗保健建筑的现代实践有利于病原体的持久性。随着有效抗菌剂数量的减少，需要进一步的工作来澄清空气传播病原体的绝对风险以及额外的新鲜空气和阳光带来的任何潜在好处。
Infections caught in buildings are a major global cause of sickness and mortality. Understanding how infections spread is pivotal to public health yet current knowledge of indoor transmission remains poor. To review the roles of natural ventilation and sunlight for controlling infection within healthcare environments. Comprehensive literature search was performed, using electronic and library databases to retrieve English language papers combining infection; risk; pathogen; and mention of ventilation; fresh air; and sunlight. Foreign language articles with English translation were included, with no limit imposed on publication date. In the past, hospitals were designed with south-facing glazing, cross-ventilation and high ceilings because fresh air and sunlight were thought to reduce infection risk. Historical and recent studies suggest that natural ventilation offers protection from transmission of airborne pathogens. Particle size, dispersal characteristics and transmission risk require more work to justify infection control practices concerning airborne pathogens. Sunlight boosts resistance to infection, with older studies suggesting potential roles for surface decontamination. Current knowledge of indoor transmission of pathogens is inadequate, partly due to lack of agreed definitions for particle types and mechanisms of spread. There is recent evidence to support historical data on the effects of natural ventilation but virtually none for sunlight. Modern practice of designing healthcare buildings for comfort favours pathogen persistence. As the number of effective antimicrobial agents declines, further work is required to clarify absolute risks from airborne pathogens along with any potential benefits from additional fresh air and sunlight.
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