Trajectory Optimization Applied to Air Races
Trajectory Optimization Applied to Air Races
复制标题
应用于空中竞赛的轨迹优化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Sachs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Fisch;J. Lenz;F. Holzapfel;G. Sachs
本文描述了一种新的优化方法，该方法考虑了参赛飞机动力学的高度非线性性质。因此，优化任务不使用点质量模型，而是一种增强的、可扩展的多保真度仿真模型，该模型是一个序列模型，通过对飞行系统的姿态和旋转动力学的不同表示来扩展平移动力学。内环既可以包含载荷系数和滚转率的线性传递函数，也可以包含飞机纵向和横向运动的线性状态空间模型，或者完全非线性的旋转和姿态动力学。因此，所考虑的飞行系统的全动态顺序被考虑，使得所产生的最优竞赛轨迹实际上是可实现的。在仿真模型中加入了不同回路的逆控制器。通过这种模型的顺序结构，可以很容易地将旋转动力学的复杂程度以及优化时间和质量切换到所需的水平。在此基础上，建立了一种利用完全非线性六自由度仿真模型生成稳健的、合适的优化初始猜测的方法。这种新的方法允许解决高度复杂的轨迹优化问题，其中经典方法由于刚度问题而无法解决。
The paper describes a novel approach for the optimization of air race trajectories taking into account the highly non-linear nature of the dynamics of the participating aircraft. Therefore, no point-mass model is utilized for the optimization task but an enhanced, scalable multi-fidelity simulation model that is a sequential model extending the translation dynamics by different representations for the attitude and the rotational dynamics of the flight system. The inner loop can either contain linear transfer functions for the load factors and the roll rate, linear state-space models for the longitudinal and the lateral motion of the aircraft or fully non-linear rotational and attitude dynamics. Thus, the full dynamic order of the flight system considered is taken into account such that the resulting optimal race trajectory is actually achievable. Inversion controllers for the different loops are incorporated into the simulation model. With this sequential structure of the model, the complexity level of the rotational dynamics and thus the optimization time and quality can easily be switched to the required level. Furthermore, a procedure for generating robust and suitable initial guesses for the optimization with full, non-linear 6-degree of freedom simulation models is established. This novel approach allows for the solution of highly complex trajectory optimization problems where classical methods failed due to stiffness problems.