Data Centers on Wheels: Emissions From Computing Onboard Autonomous Vehicles
Data Centers on Wheels: Emissions From Computing Onboard Autonomous Vehicles
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DOI：
10.1109/mm.2022.3219803
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Soumya Sudhakar;V. Sze;S. Karaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Soumya Sudhakar;V. Sze;S. Karaman
虽然人们对数据中心的温室气体排放给予了很大的关注，但对自动驾驶汽车（AV）潜在排放的关注较少。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个框架，对全球无人驾驶汽车车队上的计算排放进行概率建模，并表明这些排放有可能对全球排放产生不可忽视的影响，与当今所有数据中心的排放量相当。根据目前的趋势，在广泛采用自动驾驶汽车的情况下，大约95%的车辆都是自动驾驶汽车，这需要计算机功率低于1.2千瓦，以便在90%的模拟场景中，2018年自动驾驶汽车上计算的排放量低于所有数据中心的排放量。预计未来的情况是，自动驾驶汽车的高度采用，一切照旧的脱碳和工作负载每三年翻一番，硬件效率必须每1.1年翻一番，以便在2050年达到2018年数据中心的排放量。在许多情况下，控制排放所需的硬件效率的提高速度比目前的速度更快。我们讨论了未来研究的几种途径，以进一步分析和潜在地减少自动驾驶汽车的碳足迹。
While much attention has been paid to data centers’ greenhouse gas emissions, less attention has been paid to autonomous vehicles’ (AVs) potential emissions. In this work, we introduce a framework to probabilistically model the emissions from computing onboard a global fleet of AVs and show that the emissions have the potential to make a nonnegligible impact on global emissions, comparable to that of all data centers today. Based on current trends, a widespread AV adoption scenario where approximately 95% of all vehicles are autonomous requires computer power to be less than 1.2 kW for emissions from computing on AVs to be less than emissions from all data centers in 2018 in 90% of modeled scenarios. Anticipating a future scenario with high adoption of AVs, business-as-usual decarbonization, and workloads doubling every three years, hardware efficiency must double every 1.1 years for emissions in 2050 to equal 2018 data center emissions. The rate of increase in hardware efficiency needed in many scenarios to contain emissions is faster than the current rate. We discuss several avenues of future research unique to AVs to further analyze and potentially reduce the carbon footprint of AVs.