Speaking while monitoring addressees for understanding
Speaking while monitoring addressees for understanding
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2003.08.004
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Krych, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, HH;Krych, MA
演讲者会监控自己的演讲，并在发现问题时进行修复。在此审查的提案中，发言者还监视收件人的理解情况，并在必要时改变他们正在进行的言论。收件人通过展示和表明他们的理解进展来进行合作。当一名导演指导一名建筑商组装 10 个乐高模型时，成对的参与者被录像。在一组中，主管可以看到建筑商的工作空间；在另一组中，主管可以看到施工人员的工作空间。转眼间，他们就做不到了；第三次，他们通过录音带发出指示。当主管看不到建筑商的工作空间时，两个合伙人的速度要慢得多，而且当指令被录音时，他们会犯更多的错误。当他们的工作空间可见时，建造者通过展示、摆姿势、指向、放置和定向块，以及通过目光注视、点头和摇头来与导演进行交流，所有这些都精确地计时。董事们经常会在中途改变自己的言论来做出回应，而且时机也很精确。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Speakers monitor their own speech and, when they discover problems, make repairs. In the proposal examined here, speakers also monitor addressees for understanding and, when necessary, alter their utterances in progress. Addressees cooperate by displaying and signaling their understanding in progress. Pairs of participants were videotaped as a director instructed a builder in assembling 10 Lego models. In one group, directors could see the builders' workspace; in a second, they could not; in a third, they gave instructions by audiotape. Two partners were much slower when directors could not see the builders' workspace, and they made many more errors when the instructions were audiotaped. When their workspace was visible, builders communicated with directors by exhibiting, poising, pointing at, placing, and orienting blocks, and by eye gaze, head nods, and head shakes, all timed with precision. Directors often responded by altering their utterances midcourse, also timed with precision. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.