Müller glia as an important source of cytokines and inflammatory factors present in the gliotic retina during proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Müller glia as an important source of cytokines and inflammatory factors present in the gliotic retina during proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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作者：
Eastlake K;Banerjee PJ;Angbohang A;Charteris DG;Khaw PT;Limb GA
视网膜神经胶质增生的特征是生化和生理变化，通常导致Müller神经胶质增生和肥大，是许多神经退行性和炎症性疾病（如增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR））的特征。虽然缪勒神经胶质细胞释放炎症因子和细胞因子，但尚不清楚这些细胞产生的细胞因子是否反映了神经胶质视网膜中存在的因子模式。使用半定量斑点印迹抗体阵列和定量阵列检查了正常尸体视网膜和接受视网膜切除术治疗PVR的患者的神经胶质视网膜标本的裂解物、Müller细胞系MIO-M1和从正常视网膜分离的4种人Müller神经胶质细胞制备物的细胞因子和炎症因子表达。炎症因子表达的比较分析显示，与正常视网膜相比，胶质增生视网膜半定量分析的102个因子中有24个因子表达增加2倍以上，定量分析的27个因子中有19个因子表达显著增加（P < 0.05 ~ P < 0.001）。据观察，除某些趋化因子外，大多数细胞因子和炎症因子均由Müller胶质细胞在体外产生，包括G-CSF、MCP-1、PDGF-bb、RANTES、VEGF和TGFβ2。这些结果表明，Müller胶质细胞在体外表达的大量炎症因子在胶质化视网膜中上调，这表明靶向Müller胶质细胞产生炎症因子可能构成一种有效的方法，以防止视网膜胶质增生期间的神经损伤，这值得进一步研究。GLIA 2016;64：495-506
Retinal gliosis is characterized by biochemical and physiological changes that often lead to Müller glia proliferation and hypertrophy and is a feature of many neuro‐degenerative and inflammatory diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although Müller glia are known to release inflammatory factors and cytokines, it is not clear whether cytokine production by these cells mirrors the pattern of factors present in the gliotic retina. Lysates from normal cadaveric retina and gliotic retinal specimens from patients undergoing retinectomy for treatment of PVR, the Müller cell line MIO‐M1 and four human Müller glial cell preparations isolated from normal retina were examined for their expression of cytokines and inflammatory factors using semi‐quantitative dot blot antibody arrays and quantitative arrays. Comparative analysis of the expression of inflammatory factors showed that in comparison with normal retina, gliotic retina exhibited greater than twofold increase in 24/102 factors examined by semiquantitative arrays, and a significant increase in 19 out of 27 factors assessed by quantitative methods (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). It was observed that with the exception of some chemotactic factors, the majority of cytokines and inflammatory factors were produced by Müller glia in vitro and included G‐CSF, MCP‐1, PDGF‐bb, RANTES, VEGF, and TGFβ2. These results showed that a large number of inflammatory factors expressed by Müller glia in vitro are upregulated in the gliotic retina, suggesting that targeting the production of inflammatory factors by Müller glia may constitute a valid approach to prevent neural damage during retinal gliosis and this merits further investigations. GLIA 2016;64:495–506