A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESPONDING MAINTAINED BY INTERVAL SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESPONDING MAINTAINED BY INTERVAL SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1968.11-s327
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发表时间：
1968-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
REYNOLDS, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CATANIA, AC;REYNOLDS, GS
在6个实验中，强化间隔时间表保持了鸽子的啄键行为。每个计划都是根据确定可能的最大增援速度的平均间隔和间隔的分布来规定的，间隔的范围从多值(可变间隔)到单值(固定间隔)。在实验1中，算术级数的一系列间隔的相对持续时间保持不变，而平均间隔不同。应答率是增强率的单调递增、负加速函数，增强率的范围从每小时8.4到300增援。在给定时间表的各个时间间隔内，随着时间的推移，响应率也会增加。在实验2和实验3中，考察了由不同间隔序列组成的几个可变间隔时间表。在每个时间表中，间隔内某一特定时间的反应速度被证明至少部分取决于当时的当地增援速度，该速度是根据当时增援的概率和其他时间潜在增援的接近程度得出的。实验4、实验5和实验6考察了固定时间间隔和二值(混合固定时间间隔)时间间隔的反应速度和强化速度之间的函数关系，表明在一个时间间隔内的一次强化对在其他时间保持的反应有实质性的影响。由给定的间隔时间表维持的响应速度不取决于提供的总体增援速度，而是取决于间隔内不同时间的不同增援局部效果的总和。
Interval schedules of reinforcement maintained pigeons'' key-pecking in 6 experiments. Each schedule was specified in terms of mean interval, which determined the maximum rate of reinforcement possible, and distribution of intervals, which ranged from many-valued (variable-interval) to single-valued (fixed-interval). In Experiment 1, the relative durations of a sequence of intervals from an arithmetic progression were held constant while the mean interval was varied. Rate of responding was a monotonically increasing, negatively accelerated function of rate of reinforcement over a range from 8.4 to 300 reinforcements per hour. The rate of responding also increased as time passed within the individual intervals of a given schedule. In Experiments 2 and 3, several variable-interval schedules made up of different sequences of intervals were examined. In each schedule, the rate of responding at a particular time within an interval was shown to depend at least in part on the local rate of reinforcement at that time, derived from a measure of the probability of reinforcement at that time and the proximity of potential reinforcements at other times. The functional relationship between rate of responding and rate of reinforcement at different times within the intervals of a single schedule was similar to that obtained across different schedules in Experiment 1. Experiments 4, 5, and 6 examined fixed-interval and 2-valued (mixed fixed-interval fixed-interval) schedules, and demonstrated that reinforcement at one time in an interval had substantial effects on responding maintained at other times. The rate of responding maintained by a given interval schedule depends not on the overall rate of reinforcement provided but rather on the summation of different local effects of reinforcement at different times within intervals.