Fingerprinting Blue Carbon: Rationale and Tools to Determine the Source of Organic Carbon in Marine Depositional Environments
Fingerprinting Blue Carbon: Rationale and Tools to Determine the Source of Organic Carbon in Marine Depositional Environments
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00263
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发表时间：
2019-05-22
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Duarte, Carlos M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geraldi, Nathan R.;Ortega, Alejandra;Duarte, Carlos M.
蓝碳是海洋和沿海生态系统中的有机碳，在百年到千年的时间尺度上被捕获。维持和增加蓝碳是减缓全球变暖战略的一个组成部分。海洋植被生态系统（特别是海草草甸、红树林和潮汐沼泽）是蓝碳热点，其退化和丧失在全球范围内减少了有机碳储量，增加了CO2排放。碳市场以及旨在加强蓝碳固存和避免温室气体排放的保护和恢复计划将通过了解蓝碳的来源和命运而得到帮助。我们回顾和批评目前的方法和新生的方法来跟踪的起源和命运的有机碳，包括：散装同位素，化合物特异性同位素，生物标志物，分子特性，和环境DNA（eDNA）的潜力。我们发现，迄今为止，大多数研究都使用散装同位素来确定物源，但这种方法往往不能区分不同的初级生产者在沉积海洋环境中的有机碳的贡献。根据我们的评估，我们建议应用多种互补方法。特别是，使用脂类的碳和氮同位素沿着使用eDNA，有很大的潜力来确定来源和量化不同初级生产者对海洋生态系统沉积有机碳的贡献。尽管这些新技术具有很大的潜力，但还需要进一步的研究来验证它们。这一重要的概述可以为未来的研究提供信息，以帮助支持实施以蓝碳为重点的气候变化减缓计划的方法。
Blue carbon is the organic carbon in oceanic and coastal ecosystems that is captured on centennial to millennial timescales. Maintaining and increasing blue carbon is an integral component of strategies to mitigate global warming. Marine vegetated ecosystems (especially seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, and tidal marshes) are blue carbon hotspots and their degradation and loss worldwide have reduced organic carbon stocks and increased CO2 emissions. Carbon markets, and conservation and restoration schemes aimed at enhancing blue carbon sequestration and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions, will be aided by knowing the provenance and fate of blue carbon. We review and critique current methods and the potential of nascent methods to track the provenance and fate of organic carbon, including: bulk isotopes, compound-specific isotopes, biomarkers, molecular properties, and environmental DNA (eDNA). We find that most studies to date have used bulk isotopes to determine provenance, but this approach often cannot distinguish the contribution of different primary producers to organic carbon in depositional marine environments. Based on our assessment, we recommend application of multiple complementary methods. In particular, the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes of lipids along with eDNA have a great potential to identify the source and quantify the contribution of different primary producers to sedimentary organic carbon in marine ecosystems. Despite the promising potential of these new techniques, further research is needed to validate them. This critical overview can inform future research to help underpin methodologies for the implementation of blue carbon focused climate change mitigation schemes.