Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning
Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.014
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发表时间：
2005-10-30
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Szinicz, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kehe, K;Szinicz, L
硫芥子气是第一次世界大战期间开发和使用的主要化学战剂之一。一些国家仍然存在大量库存。它相对容易生产，可能被用作恐怖主义武器。硫芥是一种起泡剂，可引起皮肤水泡、呼吸道损伤、眼部损伤和骨髓抑制。中毒的临床表现在第一次世界大战和两伊战争期间成千上万的受害者中是众所周知的。在后一次冲突中，大量使用硫芥子气，迄今为止，约有30，000名受害者仍然遭受这种药剂的晚期影响，如慢性阻塞性肺病、肺纤维化、复发性角膜溃疡病、慢性结膜炎、皮肤色素异常和几种癌症。尽管在过去的90年里进行了大量的研究，但尚未发现具体的硫芥末解毒剂。现代医学知识的繁荣和发展为最大限度地减少硫芥末引起的器官损伤和迟发效应创造了新的机会。(c)2005爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Sulphur mustard is one of the major chemical warfare agents developed and used during World War I. Large stockpiles are still present in several countries. It is relatively easy to produce and might be used as a terroristic weapon. Sulphur mustard is a vesicant agent and causes cutaneous blisters, respiratory tract damage, eye lesions and bone marrow depression. The clinical picture of poisoning is well known from the thousands of victims during World War I and the Iran-Iraq war. In the latter conflict, sulphur mustard was heavily used and until now about 30,000 victims still suffer from late effects of the agent like chronic obstructive lung disease, lung fibrosis, recurrent corneal ulcer disease, chronic conjunctivitis, abnormal pigmentation of the skin, and several forms of cancer. Despite enormous research efforts during the last 90 years, no specific sulphur mustard antidote has been found. The prospering knowledge and developments of modern medicine created nowadays new chances to minimize sulphur mustard-induced organ damage and late effects. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.