Soil erosion resistance of "Grain for Green" vegetation types under extreme rainfall conditions on the Loess Plateau, China
Soil erosion resistance of "Grain for Green" vegetation types under extreme rainfall conditions on the Loess Plateau, China
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黄土高原极端降雨条件下“退耕还林”植被类型的土壤侵蚀抵抗力
DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.025
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Su Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Zhi-Jie;Jiao Ju-Ying;Rayburg Scott;Wang Qiao-Li;Su Yuan
目的中国黄土高原地区土壤侵蚀较为严重，通常是由大雨或雷暴造成的。为控制黄土高原水土流失，改善生态环境状况，中央政府于1999年出台了“退耕还林”政策，恢复了以前耕种的陡坡地的植被。本研究将通过研究三种不同“GFG”植被类型（草地、林地和果园）在控制中国黄土高原陕西省北部极端降雨事件侵蚀方面的响应来探讨“GFG”政策的价值。方法对极端暴雨条件（称为“727”暴雨）下不同“GFG”植被类型的植被类型、覆盖度、生物土壤结皮（BSC）覆盖度、植物物种多样性、坡度、沟壑侵蚀进行评估结果发现，草地和林地比果园更能有效减少沟渠侵蚀，与坡耕地相比，坡耕地改草地或林地可以减少沟渠侵蚀90%以上，而坡耕地改果园实际上增加沟渠侵蚀60%以上。此外，较高的地表植被覆盖度和发达的平衡生态系统是减少水土流失的最重要因素。结论“GFG”措施有利于减少黄土高原的水土流失，恢复工作应重点关注草地和/或林地，而不是试图实现与经济收益（即果园作物）的双重目标，因为果园似乎不利于控制水土流失。
ObjectivesSoil erosion, which is pronounced on the Loess Plateau of China, is generally caused by heavy rain or thunderstorms. To control soil and water losses and improve the eco-environmental condition of the Loess Plateau, the Chinese Central Government issued the “Grain for Green (GFG)” policy in 1999 to restore vegetation on previously farmed steep lands. This study will explore the value of the “GFG” policy by examining the response of three different “GFG” vegetation types (grassland, woodland and orchard) in controlling erosion from an extreme rainfall event in the Northern Shaanxi Province on the Loess Plateau of China.MethodsThe vegetation types, coverage, biological soil crust (BSC) coverage, plant species diversity, slope gradient, gully erosion of different “GFG” vegetation types under extreme rainstorm conditions (called “727” rainstorm) were assessed using field surveys.ResultsIt was found that the grassland and woodland are more effective at reducing gully erosion than orchards, and compared with the sloping farmland, the conversion of sloping farmland to grassland or woodland can reduce gully erosion by more than 90%, whereas conversion of sloping farmland to orchards actually increases gully erosion by more than 60%. Furthermore, having a high surface vegetation cover and well-developed BSC were the most important factors in reducing soil erosion.ConclusionsThe “GFG” measures are beneficial in reducing soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, and rehabilitation efforts should focus on grassland and/or woodlands rather than attempting to achieve dual goals with economic gain (i.e., from orchard crops), as it appears that orchards are not conducive for controlling soil erosion.