It's about time: A comparison of Canadian and American time-activity patterns
It's about time: A comparison of Canadian and American time-activity patterns
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500244
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Raizenne, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leech, JA;Nelson, WC;Raizenne, ME
这项研究比较了两个北美时间-活动数据库：1996年美国大陆9,386名受访者的全国人类活动模式调查(NHAPS)和19921994-1997年加拿大四个主要城市2,381名受访者的加拿大人类活动模式调查(CHAPS)。收集这些数据时使用了相同的调查和方法：在确定的电话交换台内随机选择电话样本、计算机辅助电话访谈、在24小时回忆日记中过度选择儿童和周末以及相同的面试者。有非常相似的有效率：63%(NHAPS)和64.5%(CHAPS)。在主要活动和地点组中按年龄进行比较的结果表明，活动和地点模式非常相似(除季节性差异外，大多数差异不到1%或24小时内的14分钟)。与美国人相比，加拿大人冬天花在户外的时间更少，夏天呆在室内的时间更少。当暴露评估使用一年中的时间或室外/室内暴露梯度时，这些差异可能导致暴露评估的显著差异。此外，北美人的24小时活动模式非常相似，使用组合数据集进行某些暴露评估可能是可行的。
This study compares two North American time-activity data bases: the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) of 9386 interviewees in 19921994 in the continental USA with the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey (CHAPS) of 2381 interviewees in 1996-1997 in four major Canadian cities. Identical surveys and methodology were used to collect this data: random sample telephone selection within the identified telephone exchanges, computer-assisted telephone interviews, overselection of children and weekends in the 24 - h recall diary and the same interviewers. Very similar response rates were obtained: 63% (NHAPS) and 64.5% (CHAPS). Results of comparisons by age within major activity and location groups suggest activity and location patterns are very similar (most differences being less than 1% or 14 min in a 24 - h day) with the exception of seasonal differences. Canadians spend less time outdoors in winter and less time indoors in summer than their U.S. counterparts. When exposure assessments use time of year or outdoor/indoor exposure gradients, these differences may result in significant differences in exposure assessments. Otherwise, the 24 - h time activity patterns of North Americans are remarkably similar and use of the combined data set for some exposure assessments may be feasible.