Markets for Local Flexibility in Distribution Networks
Markets for Local Flexibility in Distribution Networks
复制标题
分销网络的本地灵活性市场
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lion Hirth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Radecke;J. Hefele;Lion Hirth
能源转型的三个D--脱碳、分散化和数字化--既为配电网提供了挑战，也为配电网提供了机遇。小规模的发电、电池、电供暖和电子移动可能会给电网带来相当大的压力。然而，如果操作得当，它们也代表着深厚的灵活性池，可以帮助电网运营商缓解拥堵并推迟投资。激励这类资源的一种方法是实施当地市场，以实现灵活性。在欧洲，至少有24个研究试点、利益相关者倡议和商业案例提出了针对此类市场的具体设计。本文对这些建议进行了概述和分析。由于许多建议没有得到很好的记录，我们在很大程度上依赖于采访来了解市场设计的细节。我们发现，只有三分之一的提案允许自由形成价格，因此，尽管它们的名称是，但大多数不是我们所认为的市场。这些建议都不是为了取代现有的拥堵管理机制；相反，它们只是作为补充工具。通常情况下，市场会采用派单付款方式；只有少数几家公司会在保留灵活性的情况下获得报酬。尽管大多数提案承认市场力量和与其他电力市场的战略互动(“Inc.-Dec博弈”)，但很少有人制定具体措施来解决这些问题。由于它们处于发展的早期阶段，市场设计可能仍会演变。
The three D’s of the energy transformation – decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization – provide both chal-lenges and opportunities for distribution grids. Small-scale generation, batteries, electric heating, and e-mobility may put grids under considerable strain. However, if operated smartly, they also represent a deep pool of flexibility that can help grid operators relieve congestion and defer investment. One way of incentivizing such resources is to implement local markets for flexibility. In Europe, at least two dozen research pilots, stakeholder initiatives, and business cases have proposed specific designs for such markets. This paper provides an overview and analysis of these proposals. With many proposals being poorly documented, we largely rely on interviews for details on market design. We find that only one third of proposals allow free price formation, hence, despite their names, most are not what we consider a market. None of the proposals aims to replace existing congestion management mechanisms; rather they are meant as complementary tools. Usually markets employ dispatch payments; only few remunerate the reservation of flexibility availability. Though most proposals acknowledge market power and strategic interaction with other electricity markets (“inc-dec gaming”), few have developed concrete measures to address these problems. As they are in an early stage of development, market designs may still evolve.