Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Absence of preferential looking to the eyes of approaching adults predicts level of social disability in 2-year-old toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.65.8.946
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Klin, Ami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Warren;Carr, Katelin;Klin, Ami
背景：在出生后的第一周内，典型的人类新生儿会优先关注他人的眼睛。在其他物种中的类似发现表明，对眼睛的关注是一种在系统发育上高度保守的社会发展机制。然而，对于自闭症儿童来说，眼神接触减少和异常是其终身残疾的一个标志。
目的：在目前自闭症最早的诊断时间点上，对关注他人眼睛的偏好进行量化。
设计：我们给孩子们播放了10个视频。每个视频中都有一名女演员直视镜头，扮演照顾者的角色，并与观看者互动（玩拍手游戏、躲猫猫等）。通过眼动追踪来测量孩子们的视觉注视模式。
参与者：将15名2岁的自闭症儿童与36名正常发育的儿童以及15名发育迟缓但非自闭症的儿童进行比较。
主要观察指标：将对眼睛、嘴巴、身体和物体4个感兴趣区域的视觉注视时间百分比作为关注偏好的测量指标。通过自闭症诊断观察量表评估社会残疾程度。
结果：2岁自闭症儿童注视他人眼睛的情况明显减少（P
Context: Within the first week of life, typical human newborns give preferential attention to the eyes of others. Similar findings in other species suggest that attention to the eyes is a highly conserved phylogenetic mechanism of social development. For children with autism, however, diminished and aberrant eye contact is a lifelong hallmark of disability.Objective: To quantify preferential attention to the eyes of others at what is presently the earliest point of diagnosis in autism.Design: We presented the children with 10 videos. Each video showed an actress looking directly into the camera, playing the role of caregiver, and engaging the viewer ( playing pat- a- cake, peek- a- boo, etc). Children's visual fixation patterns were measured by eye tracking.Participants: Fifteen 2- year- old children with autism were compared with 36 typically developing children and with 15 developmentally delayed but nonautistic children.Main Outcome Measure: Preferential attention was measured as percentage of visual fixation time to 4 regions of interest: eyes, mouth, body, and object. Level of social disability was assessed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.Results: Looking at the eyes of others was significantly decreased in 2- year- old children with autism ( P