Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection
Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection
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DOI：
10.1038/nature05762
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发表时间：
2007-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Virgin, Herbert W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, Erik S.;White, Douglas W.;Virgin, Herbert W.
所有人在童年时期都会感染多种疱疹病毒。在急性感染清除后，疱疹病毒进入称为潜伏期的休眠状态。潜伏期在宿主的一生中持续存在，并且被认为是寄生性的，因为它使个体处于随后的病毒再激活和疾病的风险中（1）。在这里，我们表明，疱疹病毒的潜伏期也赋予了一个令人惊讶的好处主机。潜伏感染鼠γ疱疹病毒68或鼠巨细胞病毒的小鼠对细菌病原体单核细胞增生李斯特菌和鼠疫耶尔森氏菌的感染具有抗性，这两种病毒分别与人类病原体Epstein -巴尔病毒和人类巨细胞病毒在遗传上高度相似（2）。潜伏诱导的保护不是抗原特异性的，而是涉及抗病毒细胞因子干扰素-γ的延长产生和巨噬细胞的全身激活。因此，潜伏期上调了先天免疫的基础激活状态，以对抗随后的感染。我们推测疱疹病毒潜伏期也可能通过建立极化的细胞因子环境来塑造对自身和环境抗原的免疫应答。因此，尽管疱疹病毒的免疫逃避能力和终身持续性通常被视为唯一的致病性，但我们的数据表明，潜伏期与宿主的免疫益处是一种共生关系。
All humans become infected with multiple herpesviruses during childhood. After clearance of acute infection, herpesviruses enter a dormant state known as latency. Latency persists for the life of the host and is presumed to be parasitic, as it leaves the individual at risk for subsequent viral reactivation and disease(1). Here we show that herpesvirus latency also confers a surprising benefit to the host. Mice latently infected with either murine gammaherpesvirus 68 or murine cytomegalovirus, which are genetically highly similar to the human pathogens Epstein - Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus(2), respectively, are resistant to infection with the bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pestis. Latency-induced protection is not antigen specific but involves prolonged production of the antiviral cytokine interferon-gamma and systemic activation of macrophages. Latency thereby upregulates the basal activation state of innate immunity against subsequent infections. We speculate that herpesvirus latency may also sculpt the immune response to self and environmental antigens through establishment of a polarized cytokine environment. Thus, whereas the immune evasion capabilities and lifelong persistence of herpesviruses are commonly viewed as solely pathogenic, our data suggest that latency is a symbiotic relationship with immune benefits for the host.