Modeling Behavioral Reactivity to Losses and Rewards on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART): Moderation by Alcohol Problem Severity
Modeling Behavioral Reactivity to Losses and Rewards on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART): Moderation by Alcohol Problem Severity
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036837
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ray, Lara A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashenhurst, James R.;Bujarski, Spencer;Ray, Lara A.
事实证明，冒险行为和物质依赖之间的关系很复杂，特别是在对表现出一系列物质使用问题严重程度的参与者进行检查时。虽然气球模拟风险任务 (BART) 中的主要冒险指数与青少年人群中的酒精使用问题呈正相关（例如，MacPherson、Magidson、Reynolds、Kahler 和 Lejuez，2010），但一些研究在检查成人药物使用人群的行为时观察到了负相关关系（Ashenhurst、Jentsch 和 Ray，2011；Campbell、Samartgis 和 Crowe， 2013）。为了研究这种负相关关系背后的潜在机制，我们对从 295 名成年问题饮酒者收集的逐项 BART 数据实施了多级回归模型。这些模型将气球破裂或兑现后的试验中的参与者行为分别解释为损失和奖励反应指数，并包括年龄、智商和个人延迟贴现率等控制变量。结果显示，个体试验的抽水量可以通过试验数量以及之前的试验是否是大爆发或大现金支出（即大量潜在收益）以与“侥幸”效应一致的方式显着预测。此外，酒精问题的严重程度缓和了先前试验的大爆发的影响，但没有缓和大笔现金支出对随后试验行为的影响，因此那些严重程度较高的人对这种“险些发生”的影响表现出相对不敏感。这些结果扩展了之前的研究，表明酗酒者在 BART 上的风险较低，具体说明了这种模式背后的机制，即对大规模损失的反应性减弱。
The relationship between risk-taking behavior and substance dependence has proven to be complex, particularly when examining across participants expressing a range of substance use problem severity. While main indices of risk-taking in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) positively associate with problematic alcohol use in adolescent populations (e.g., MacPherson, Magidson, Reynolds, Kahler, & Lejuez, 2010), several studies have observed a negative relationship when examining behavior within adult substance using populations (Ashenhurst, Jentsch, & Ray, 2011; Campbell, Samartgis, & Crowe, 2013). To examine potential mechanisms that underlie this negative relationship, we implemented multilevel regression models on trial-by-trial BART data gathered from 295 adult problem drinkers. These models accounted for participant behavior on trials following balloon bursts or cash outs as indices of loss and reward reactivity, respectively, and included control variables including age, IQ, and individual delay discounting rate. Results revealed that individual trial pumping was significantly predicted by trial number, and by whether or not the previous trial was a big burst or a big cash out (i.e., large magnitude of potential gains) in a manner consistent with a "near-miss" effect. Furthermore, severity of alcohol problems moderated the effect of a previous trial big burst, but not of a big cash out, on subsequent trial behavior such that those with greater severity demonstrated relative insensitivity to this "near-miss" effect. These results extend previous studies suggesting that alcohol abusers are less risky on the BART by specifying a mechanism underlying this pattern, namely, diminished reactivity to large magnitude losses.