The single-finger keyboard layout problem
The single-finger keyboard layout problem
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单指键盘布局问题
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通讯作者：
†. RobertoMontanari
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作者：
†. MauroDell’Amico;†. Jos´eCarlosD´ıazD´ıaz;†. ManuelIori;†. RobertoMontanari
设计能够提高平均信息的打字速度的新键盘布局的问题已经在人机工程学领域的文献中被广泛考虑。经验测试与用户和简单的优化标准已被用来提出新的解决方案。相反，运筹学中很少有论文讨论这个优化问题。在本文中，我们首先恢复键盘设计中最相关的问题，启发相关的人机工程学方面。然后，我们专注于必须使用单指或手写笔的键盘，如便携式数据助理，智能手机和其他小型设备。我们发现，基本的优化问题是一个推广的著名的二次分配问题（QAP）。我们回顾了一些最有效的元启发式算法QAP，我们提出了一些非平凡的键盘设计问题的扩展。我们比较新的算法，通过计算实验与英语，法语，意大利语和西班牙语的单词列表中获得的实例。我们在Web上提供了每种语言的基准测试实例以及我们获得的最佳解决方案。
The problem of designing new keyboards layouts able to improve the typing speed of an average message has been widely considered in the literature of the Ergonomics domain. Empirical tests with users and simple optimization criteria have been used to propose new solutions. On the contrary, very few papers in Operations Research have addressed this optimization problem. In this paper we firstly resume the most relevant problems in keyboard design, enlightening the related Ergonomics aspects. Then we concentrate on key-boards that must be used with a single finger or stylus, like that of Portable Data Assistant, Smartphones and other small devices. We show that the underlying optimization problem is a generalization of the well known Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). We recall some of the most effective metaheuristic algorithms for QAP and we propose some non trivial extensions to the keyboard design problem. We compare the new algorithms through computational experiments with instances obtained from word lists of the English, French, Italian and Spanish languages. We provide on the web benchmark instances for each language and the best solutions we obtained.