Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries
Gender differences in COVID-19 attitudes and behavior: Panel evidence from eight countries
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2012520117
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发表时间：
2020-11-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Foucault, Martial
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Galasso, Vincenzo;Pons, Vincent;Foucault, Martial
对COVID-19爆发的最初公共卫生应对需要从根本上改变个人行为，例如在家隔离或戴口罩。这些政策的有效性取决于普遍的公众服从。然而，人们的遵守程度可能取决于他们对这一流行病的看法。我们使用2020年3月和4月在八个经济合作与发展组织国家（n = 21，649）进行的两波调查的原始数据，研究COVID-19相关信念和行为的性别差异。我们发现，女性更有可能将COVID-19视为一个非常严重的健康问题，同意限制公共政策措施，并遵守这些措施。在所有国家，态度和行为方面的性别差异都很大。它们既不是由社会人口和就业特征，也不是由心理和行为因素造成的。对于与病毒同居或直接接触病毒的个人，它们仅部分减轻。我们表明，我们的研究结果是不是由于不同的社会期望偏差。这一证据对公共卫生政策和COVID-19传播具有重要意义，可能需要基于性别，它揭示了性别差异的一个领域：应对新风险的行为变化。
The initial public health response to the breakout of COVID-19 required fundamental changes in individual behavior, such as isolation at home or wearing masks. The effectiveness of these policies hinges on generalized public obedience. Yet, people's level of compliance may depend on their beliefs regarding the pandemic. We use original data from two waves of a survey conducted in March and April 2020 in eight Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (n = 21,649) to study gender differences in COVID-19-related beliefs and behaviors. We show that women are more likely to perceive COVID-19 as a very serious health problem, to agree with restraining public policy measures, and to comply with them. Gender differences in attitudes and behavior are sizable in all countries. They are accounted for neither by sociodemographic and employment characteristics nor by psychological and behavioral factors. They are only partially mitigated for individuals who cohabit or have direct exposure to the virus. We show that our results are not due to differential social desirability bias. This evidence has important implications for public health policies and communication on COVID-19, which may need to be gender based, and it unveils a domain of gender differences: behavioral changes in response to a new risk.