Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis)
Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis)
复制标题
测试野生山鹦鹉（Nestor notabilis）的社交学习能力
作者：
G. Gajdon;Natasha Fijn;L. Huber
Huber，Taborsky，and Rechberger（2001）报道了一个实验，在这个实验中，通过观察一个熟练的同种，圈养的相思鸟打开复杂食物容器的效率得到了提高。然而，只有在自由放养的动物中测试社会学习才能证明自然条件下的社会学习。为此目的，管升降范式的开发和测试都在圈养和库克山国家公园，新西兰的相思鸟。任务是从一根直立的杆子上取下一根管子，以便获得管子内的奖励。杆的顶部比站立的啄羊鹦鹉高，因此，要取出管，个体必须同时爬到杆上并用喙操纵管。因为只有一只天真的鸟在25个半小时的训练中成功地拔出了两次管子，并且在成功后消失了，所以另一只鸟被训练来解决任务并为其他鸟提供示范。即使在这样的条件下，至少15只鸟中只有2只在28次训练中学会了拔管。没有迹象表明，观察鸟的使用喙和脚时，探索管的变化，因为管删除的观察数量增加的方式，原则上，将增加管删除的可能性。研究结果表明，在实验室动物中评估的社会学习潜力的分离，和自然种群中觅食技术的社会传播。
Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranging animals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and tested on keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 halfhour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds’ use of bill and feet when exploring the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations.