Cas4 Nucleases Define the PAM, Length, and Orientation of DNA Fragments Integrated at CRISPR Loci.

Cas4 Nucleases Define the PAM, Length, and Orientation of DNA Fragments Integrated at CRISPR Loci.
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CAS4核酸酶定义了在CRISPR基因座集成的DNA片段的PAM,长度和方向。

DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.05.002
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发表时间:
2018-06-07
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Terns MP
Terns MP
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shiimori M;Garrett SC;Graveley BR;Terns MP

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为了实现针对病毒和其他移动的遗传元件的适应性和遗传性免疫,CRISPR-Cas系统必须捕获来自这些外源元件的短DNA片段(间隔区)并将其储存到宿主基因组CRISPR阵列中。这个过程是由保守的Cas 1/Cas 2整合复合物催化的,但另一种与间隔区获取相关的高度保守蛋白质Cas 4核酸酶的特定作用才刚刚出现。在这里,我们发现两种Cas 4核酸酶(Cas 4 -1和Cas 4 -2)在激烈火球菌中的CRISPR间隔区获取中起关键作用。需要两种Cas 4蛋白的核酸酶活性来将原型间隔区加工成正确的大小。Cas 4 -1指定上游PAM(Protospacer Adjacent Motif),而Cas 4 -2指定保守的下游基序。两种Cas 4蛋白都确保CRISPR间隔区以限定的方向整合,从而导致CRISPR免疫。总的来说,这些发现为Cas 4核酸酶在CRISPR阵列上的原型间隔区生成和功能性间隔区整合中的关键作用提供了体内证据。Shiimori等人证明了Cas 4核酸酶在强烈疟原虫中CRISPR-Cas免疫的DNA获取中的整体作用。两种不同Cas 4核酸酶的协同作用是原型间隔区相邻基序(PAM)定义、前间隔区加工和DNA片段在CRISPR阵列上以功能取向整合所需的。
To achieve adaptive and heritable immunity against viruses and other mobile genetic elements, CRISPR-Cas systems must capture and store short DNA fragments (spacers) from these foreign elements into host genomic CRISPR arrays. This process is catalyzed by conserved Cas1/Cas2 integration complexes, but the specific roles of another highly conserved protein linked to spacer acquisition, the Cas4 nuclease, are just now emerging. Here, we show that two Cas4 nucleases (Cas4-1 and Cas4-2) play critical roles in CRISPR spacer acquisition in Pyrococcus furiosus. The nuclease activities of both Cas4 proteins are required to process protospacers to the correct size. Cas4-1 specifies the upstream PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) while Cas4-2 specifies the conserved downstream motif. Both Cas4 proteins ensure CRISPR spacer integration in a defined orientation leading to CRISPR immunity. Collectively, these findings provide in vivo evidence for critical roles of Cas4 nucleases in protospacer generation and functional spacer integration at CRISPR arrays. Shiimori et al. demonstrate integral roles of Cas4 nucleases in DNA acquisition for CRISPR-Cas immunity in P. furiosus. The concerted action of two different Cas4 nucleases is required for protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) definition, pre-spacer processing, and integration of DNA fragments at the CRISPR array in a functional orientation.
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