Delivering Education: A Pragmatic Framework for Improving Education in Low-Income Countries
Delivering Education: A Pragmatic Framework for Improving Education in Low-Income Countries
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提供教育：改善低收入国家教育的务实框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Khwaja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Andrabi;Jishnu Das;A. Khwaja
尽管大多数低收入国家的小学入学率有所增加，但学习水平仍然较低且高度不平等。为了满足家长对优质教育的更大需求，低成本私立学校已成为增长最快的教育选择之一，挑战了国家提供教育的垄断并扩大了教育提供者的范围。从历史上看，私立学校的兴起总是与关于谁选择学校教育以及谁代表儿童利益的争论深深地交织在一起。这次也不例外。但本文并没有首先解决如何裁决儿童福利的问题，而是主张建立一个“务实的框架”。在这个务实的框架中，政策考虑到完整的学校教育环境——包括公立、私立和其他类型的提供者——并积极关注首先减轻阻碍家长和学校实现其既定目标的限制。本文以政策可行的实验为例，表明务实的方法可以为儿童带来更好的教育。通过提供更好的信息、更好的融资渠道或更多的有经验的教师来减轻限制，可以让更多的孩子入学，并提高语言和数学的考试成绩。这些需要改进的领域与社会已经达成广泛共识需要改进的领域非常相似。
Even as primary-school enrollments have increased in most low-income countries, levels of learning remain low and highly unequal. Responding to greater parental demand for quality, low-cost private schools have emerged as one of the fastest growing schooling options, challenging the monopoly of state-provided education and broadening the set of educational providers. Historically, the rise of private schooling is always deeply intertwined with debates around who chooses what schooling is about and who represents the interests of children. This time is no different. But rather than first resolve the question of how child welfare is to be adjudicated, this paper argues instead for a `pragmatic framework’. In this pragmatic framework, policy takes into account the full schooling environment—which includes public, private and other types of providers—and is actively concerned with first alleviating constraints that prohibit parents and schools from fulfilling their own stated objectives. Using policy actionable experiments as examples, this paper shows that the pragmatic approach can lead to better schooling for children. Alleviating constraints by providing better information, better access to finance or greater access to skilled teachers brings more children into school and increases test-scores in language and mathematics. These areas of improvement are very similar to those where there is already a broad societal consensus that improvement is required.