Interruptions of the ancient Shu Civilization: triggered by climate change or natural disaster?
Interruptions of the ancient Shu Civilization: triggered by climate change or natural disaster?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00531-012-0825-9
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Xingyue Wen;Song Bai;Song Bai;N. Zeng;C. P. Chamberlain;Chengshan Wang;Chengmin Huang;Qing Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xingyue Wen;Song Bai;Song Bai;N. Zeng;C. P. Chamberlain;Chengshan Wang;Chengmin Huang;Qing Zhang
利用稳定碳同位素、沉积物中总有机碳、游离氧化铁、粒度分布等环境指标，以及人类和动物牙齿化石中的稳定碳氧同位素，重建了金沙遗址附近气候变化和自然灾害的历史，并追踪了它们对全新世晚期成都平原建立的古蜀文明的影响。总体上，成都平原晚全新世气候表现为干冷化趋势，约4100 ~ 2700a BP出现了明显的变冷事件，与全球气候变化一致。古蜀文明经历了两次中断，包括宝盾期（4700-3700 a BP）、三星堆期（3700-3150 a BP）和石二桥期（3150-2600 a BP）三个阶段，这三个阶段与建立在区域性温暖时期的经典三星堆文明崩溃所导致的气候突变有一定的关系。金沙遗址沉积物含沙量的急剧增加与龙门山宝墩、石尔桥断流时发生的古地震和古坝决口相吻合，说明曾经发生过溃坝引起的洪水，很可能是造成古文明毁灭的原因。虽然温暖湿润的气候、平坦的地形和丰富的水资源促进了三星堆和金沙古镇的繁荣，但频繁的自然灾害，如强震、滑坡坝、溃决洪水等，一直困扰着古蜀居民。
Environmental proxies of a stable carbon isotope, total organic carbon, free iron oxide, and particle size distribution in sediments as well as the stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in fossil human and animal teeth were used to reconstruct the history of climate change and natural disasters near the Jinsha Relic Site and to track their effect on the ancient Shu Civilization, which was established in the Chengdu Plain of southwest China during the late Holocene. In general, the late Holocene climate in the Chengdu Plain demonstrated a drying and cooling trend, with evident cooler events ~4100 and ~2700 a BP, which coincided with global climate changes. The ancient Shu Civilization was interrupted twice, and it included three stages—the Baodun (4700–3700 a BP), the Sanxingdui (3700–3150 a BP), and the Shi’erqiao (3150–2600 a BP)—that were slightly related to the abrupt climate changes that resulted from the collapse of the classic Sanxingdui Civilization, which was founded in a regional warm period. The abrupt increase in sand content in the sediment from the Jinsha Site coincided with the palaeoearthquake and palaeodam burst in the Longmen Mountains when the Baodun and Shi’erqiao desisted, indicating that a flood had occurred due to a dam burst and may likely have caused the ancient civilization’s destruction. Although the warm and humid climate, flat terrain and rich water resources prompted the prosperity of the ancient towns of Sanxingdui and Jinsha, frequent natural disasters, such as powerful earthquakes, landslide dams, and outburst floods, consistently affected the ancient Shu inhabitants.