A European ‘Border’ Surveillance System under Construction
A European ‘Border’ Surveillance System under Construction
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正在建设中的欧洲“边境”监控系统
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dennis Broeders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dennis Broeders
2005年研究监视问题的主要学者之一大卫里昂写道，边境无处不在。边界概念的日益扩散和多样化与作为一种现象的监视密切相关，特别是与最近的技术变革密切相关。里昂将监视定义为“出于影响、管理、保护或指导的目的，对个人细节进行集中、系统和例行的关注”（里昂，2007：14）。虽然监视是一个比政府监视更广泛的主题，但本章中提到的边界和移民主要与国家监视有关。从历史上看，这主要涉及边境监视，随着护照的推出，边境监视更加“专业化”（Torpey 2000）。随着国家官僚机构的规模和组织复杂性的增长，民族国家在国际流动的监管中发挥着越来越大的作用。本章将介绍监控的概念，这对理解欧洲技术边界的发展和实施至关重要。将在全世界跨界流动增加以及各国充分控制和管理这些流动的压力越来越大的框架内进行监测。
‘The border is everywhere,’ wrote David Lyon, one of the leading scholars in surveillance studies in 2005. The increasing proliferation and diversification of the concept of the border is closely related to surveillance as a phenomenon and more particularly its recent technological transformation. In its broadest sense Lyon defines surveillance as ‘the focused, systematic and routine attention to personal details for purposes of influence, management, protection or direction’ (Lyon 2007: 14). Though surveillance is a much broader theme than just surveillance by governments, the references in this chapter to borders and migration largely relate to state surveillance. Historically, this primarily concerned border surveillance which was much ‘professionalized’ with the introduction of the passport (Torpey 2000). As state bureaucracies grew in size and organizational complexity, national states played a growing role in the regulation of international mobility. This chapter will present the concept of surveillance as essential to understanding the development and the implementation of Europe’s technological borders. Surveillance will be positioned within the framework of worldwide increases in cross-border movements and the increasing pressure on states to adequately control and manage these movements.