Practical tool for landscape planning? An empirical investigation of network based models of habitat fragmentation
Practical tool for landscape planning? An empirical investigation of network based models of habitat fragmentation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05435.x
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bodin, Orjan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersson, Erik;Bodin, Orjan
本研究提出了一种图论建模方法，使用不同目标鸟类在城市环境中的日常活动和栖息地需求来评估：1）可居住的土地覆盖类型，2）栖息地斑块之间的阈值距离，3）所需的最小可达栖息地面积和4）障碍物和垫脚石的影响。使用瑞典斯德哥尔摩城区实地调查的经验数据对建模方法进行了测试。结果表明，小型栖息地斑块组可以容纳与较大连续斑块相同的物种，只要它们被认为是功能上的联系。由居住生物体。此外，我们发现，二进制栖息地/非栖息地的景观表示可以大致解释物种发生的变化，只要栖息地被正确定义。然而，景观模型的解释力增加时，功能的矩阵异质性，如垫脚石和障碍占。合成和应用：在世界上，森林生态系统正变得越来越分散，迫切需要找到全面的和科学相关的方法来管理和规划生态系统。这项研究表明：1）放置良好的小栖息地斑块组可以，在一起，足以吸引鸟类在密集开发的地区，2）提出的建模方法可以帮助确定这样的斑块组，3）矩阵异质性应最好占，和4）适当的评估适合居住的土地覆盖类型是重要的。最后，我们认为，这里应用的建模方法可以大大提高景观管理和规划的规模，从整个景观到邻里。
This study presents a graph-theoretical modelling approach using daily movements and habitat demands of different target bird species in an urban context to assess: 1) habitable land cover types, 2) threshold distances between patches of habitat, 3) the required minimum accessible habitat areas and 4) the effects of barriers and stepping stones. The modelling approach is tested using empirical data from field surveys in the urban area of Stockholm, Sweden.The results show that groups of small habitat patches can house the same species as larger contiguous patches as long as they are perceived as functionally connected by the inhabitant organisms. Furthermore, we found that binary habitat/non-habitat representations of the landscape could roughly explain the variation in species occurrence, as long as habitat was properly defined. However, the explanatory power of the landscape models increased when features of matrix heterogeneity such as stepping stones and barriers were accounted for.Synthesis and application: in a world where forest ecosystems are becoming increasingly fragmented there is an urgent need to find comprehensive and scientifically relevant methods for managing and planning ecosystems. This study shows that: 1) groups of well placed small habitat patches can, together, be sufficient to attract birds in intensively developed areas, 2) the presented modelling approach can help identify such groups of patches, 3) matrix heterogeneity should preferably be accounted for, and 4) proper assessments of habitable land cover types are important. Finally, we argue that the modelling approach applied here may substantially improve landscape management and planning at scales ranging from whole landscapes down to neighbourhoods.