Wearable Electroencephalography What Is It, Why Is It Needed, and What Does It Entail?
Wearable Electroencephalography What Is It, Why Is It Needed, and What Does It Entail?
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DOI：
10.1109/memb.2010.936545
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rodriguez-Villegas, Esther
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Casson, Alexander J.;Yates, David C.;Rodriguez-Villegas, Esther
脑电图 (EEG) 是一种经典的无创测量人脑电波的方法，并应用于许多领域：从癫痫和睡眠障碍诊断到脑机接口 (BCI)。将电极放置在头皮上，以检测大脑内同步神经元活动产生的微伏级信号。目前的长期脑电图监测通常是在住院患者中结合视频记录和连接放大器和记录单元的长电缆进行，或者是动态监测。后者的脑电记录仪虽然便携，但体积庞大，原则上受试者在记录过程中可以进行正常的日常生活。但实际上，这种情况很少发生。对于接受动态脑电图监测的人来说，请假呆在家里，而不是在公共场合携带这种设备是很常见的。可穿戴脑电图被设想为动态脑电图装置的演变，从目前可用的笨重、寿命有限的设备发展为仅存在于头部的小型设备，可以一次记录数天、数周或数月的脑电图[见图 1(a) 和 (b)]。这种小型化装置可以实现对癫痫等慢性疾病的长期监测，并大大提高最终用户对脑机接口系统的接受度。在本文中，我们旨在对可穿戴脑电图技术进行回顾和概述，回答以下问题：它是什么、为什么需要它以及它意味着什么？我们首先调查便携式脑电图系统的要求，然后将其与可穿戴脑电图技术的核心应用联系起来：癫痫诊断、睡眠障碍诊断和脑机接口。作为我们审查的一部分，我们询问了 21 名神经科医生（作为关键用户组）对可穿戴脑电图的看法。该小组强调，可穿戴脑电图将成为未来必不可少的工具。我们这里的描述将主要集中在癫痫和可穿戴脑电图的医学应用上，因为这是脑电图的历史背景，我们的专业领域，也是其本身的核心激励领域，但我们也会讨论其他应用领域。我们继续考虑即将到来的研究挑战，主要是新的电极技术和低功率电子器件，并概述了我们处理电子功率问题的方法。我们相信，实现可穿戴脑电图技术的最佳方法不是优化任何一个部分，而是在系统和实施层面找到最佳的权衡。在本文中，我们详细讨论其中的两个权衡：研究脑电图数据的在线压缩以降低系统功耗以及提供这种数据压缩的最佳方法。
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a classic noninvasive method for measuring a person's brainwaves and is used in a large number of fields: from epilepsy and sleep disorder diagnosis to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect the microvolt-sized signals that result from synchronized neuronal activity within the brain. Current long-term EEG monitoring is generally either carried out as an inpatient in combination with video recording and long cables to an amplifier and recording unit or is ambulatory. In the latter, the EEG recorder is portable but bulky, and in principle, the subject can go about their normal daily life during the recording. In practice, however, this is rarely the case. It is quite common for people undergoing ambulatory EEG monitoring to take time off work and stay at home rather than be seen in public with such a device. Wearable EEG is envisioned as the evolution of ambulatory EEG units from the bulky, limited lifetime devices available today to small devices present only on the head that can record EEG for days, weeks, or months at a time [see Figure 1(a) and (b)]. Such miniaturized units could enable prolonged monitoring of chronic conditions such as epilepsy and greatly improve the end-user acceptance of BCI systems. In this article, we aim to provide a review and overview of wearable EEG technology, answering the questions: What is it, why is it needed, and what does it entail? We first investigate the requirements of portable EEG systems and then link these to the core applications of wearable EEG technology: epilepsy diagnosis, sleep disorder diagnosis, and BCIs. As a part of our review, we asked 21 neurologists (as a key user group) for their views on wearable EEG. This group highlighted that wearable EEG will be an essential future tool. Our descriptions here will focus mainly on epilepsyand the medical applications of wearable EEG, as this is the historical background of the EEG, our area of expertise, and a core motivating area in itself, but we will also discuss the other application areas. We continue by considering the forthcoming research challenges, principally new electrode technology and lower power electronics, and we outline our approach for dealing with the electronic power issues. We believe that the optimal approach to realizing wearable EEG technology is not to optimize any one part but to find the best set of tradeoffs at both the system and implementation level. In this article, we discuss two of these tradeoffs in detail: investigating the online compression of EEG data to reduce the system power consumption and the optimal method for providing this data compression.