The GRAFS classification system of G-protein coupled receptors in comparative perspective
The GRAFS classification system of G-protein coupled receptors in comparative perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.12.018
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发表时间：
2005-05-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fredriksson, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schiöth, HB;Fredriksson, R
G蛋白偶联受体超家族是脊椎动物中最大的蛋白质组之一。受体在结构和功能上非常不同，但它们仍然有一些共同的结构元素。我们最近的系统发育研究表明，大多数人类GPCR可以分为五个主要的家族，命名为谷氨酸。视紫红质、粘附性、FrizzledTaste2和分泌素，形成GRAFS分类系统。视紫红质家族是最大的，形成了四个主要的类群，分别为a、0、7和6，有13个亚支。我们有证据表明，GRAFS分类系统的主要家族出现在线虫从导致脊索动物的谱系分裂之前。在哺乳动物、鱼类、被囊动物、昆虫和线虫物种中，GPCRs的主要部分属于GRAFS家族。然而，GPCR在不同的系统发育分支中的进化是非常不同的，因为一些分支是特定谱系所特有的，如脊椎动物或哺乳动物，而另一些分支则存在于更多种类的物种中。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一些正在进行的研究的洞察力，这些研究正在进行中，以阐明GPCR家族的进化史。(C)2005 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
The super-family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is one of the largest groups of proteins in vertebrate species. The receptors are very diverse in Structure and function but they still share some common structural elements. Our recent phylogenetic studies indicate that most human GPCRs can be grouped into five main families named; Glutamate. Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled/Taste2, and Secretin, forming the GRAFS classification system. The rhodopsin family is the largest and forms four main groups termed a, 0, 7, and 6 with 13 sub-branches. We have evidence that the main families of the GRAFS classification system arose prior to the split of nematodes from the lineage leading to chordates. The major part of all GPCRs in mammalian, fish, tunicate, insect, and nematode species belong to the GRAFS families. The evolution of GPCRs in different phylogenetic branches are, however, very variable as some of the branches are specific for certain lineages such as vertebrates or mammals, while others are found in a much larger variety of species. In this review, we provide an insight in several studies that are being performed to elucidate the evolutionary history of the GPCR family. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.