Biomechanics of Sprint Running
Biomechanics of Sprint Running
复制标题
短跑的生物力学
作者：
A. Mero;A. Mero;P. Komi;P. Komi;R. Gregor;R. Gregor
了解短跑中的生物力学因素是有用的，因为它们对成绩至关重要。在长跑中测量的一些变量在短跑中也很重要。重要的因素包括：反应时间、技术、肌电(EMG)活动、力量产生、神经因素和肌肉结构。虽然运用了多种方法，但结果清晰，结论明确，优秀运动员的反应时间较短，但与运动水平不相关。对速度曲线的加速、恒速和减速过程中的短跑技术进行了较好的分析。在短跑开始时，重要的是要产生很大的力量，并在拦网和加速阶段产生高速度。在恒速阶段，刹车阶段之前和期间的事件对于增加推进阶段的爆发力/功率和运动效率非常重要。目前还没有关于冲刺-减速阶段力量生产的研究结果。文献中描述了主要短跑肌肉的肌电活动模式，但需要与高技能的短跑运动员一起研究，以更好地了解许多肌肉的同时操作。骨骼肌纤维特性与短跑运动员的选材和训练效果有关，有效的短跑需要所考察的生物力学变量与鞋类、地面阻力、空气阻力等外部因素的最佳组合。还需要进一步的研究工作，特别是在神经系统、肌肉和短跑过程中的力量和动力产生方面。结合短跑的经济性和效率的衡量，在不久的将来可以获得更多的知识。
SummaryUnderstanding of biomechanical factors in sprint running is useful because of their critical value to performance. Some variables measured in distance running are also important in sprint running. Significant factors include: reaction time, technique, electromyographic (EMG) activity, force production, neural factors and muscle structure. Although various methodologies have been used, results are clear and conclusions can be made.The reaction time of good athletes is short, but it does not correlate with performance levels. Sprint technique has been well analysed during acceleration, constant velocity and deceleration of the velocity curve. At the beginning of the sprint run, it is important to produce great force/ power and generate high velocity in the block and acceleration phases. During the constant-speed phase, the events immediately before and during the braking phase are important in increasing explosive force/power and efficiency of movement in the propulsion phase. There are no research results available regarding force production in the sprint-deceleration phase. The EMG activity pattern of the main sprint muscles is described in the literature, but there is a need for research with highly skilled sprinters to better understand the simultaneous operation of many muscles. Skeletal muscle fibre characteristics are related to the selection of talent and the training-induced effects in sprint running.Efficient sprint running requires an optimal combination between the examined biomechanical variables and external factors such as footwear, ground and air resistance. Further research work is needed especially in the area of nervous system, muscles and force and power production during sprint running. Combining these with the measurements of sprinting economy and efficiency more knowledge can be achieved in the near future.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Messier,SP;Davis,SE;Curl,WW;Lowery,RB;Pack,RJ
通讯作者：
Pack,RJ
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BIGLANDRITCHIE, B;JOHANSSON, R;WOODS, JJ
通讯作者：
WOODS, JJ