TASTE AND SMELL LOSSES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
TASTE AND SMELL LOSSES IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0031-9384(95)00049-o
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发表时间：
1995-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
SCHIFFMAN, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRAHAM, CS;GRAHAM, BG;SCHIFFMAN, SS
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）相关性消瘦是艾滋病日益常见的临床表现。消瘦的发病机制是多因素的，其中热量摄入减少是一个主要的致病机制。味觉和嗅觉在刺激热量摄入和通过头期反射优化营养吸收方面发挥重要作用。本研究的目的是评估感染HIV的受试者味觉和嗅觉功能丧失的程度。对40名HIV感染者和40名年龄、性别、种族、吸烟行为和受教育年限相匹配的健康对照者的味觉和嗅觉功能进行了评估。对受试者进行的化学感觉测试包括味觉和嗅觉检测阈值、味觉和嗅觉记忆测试、味觉和嗅觉辨别测试以及味觉和嗅觉识别任务。被试与对照组在谷氨酸味觉检测阈值（p < 0.001）、盐酸奎宁味觉检测阈值（p < 0.001）、薄荷醇嗅觉检测阈值（p < 0.001）和味觉识别任务中差异有统计学意义（p = 0.006）。总的来说，结果表明外周和中枢神经系统异常，以及味觉和嗅觉的主观扭曲。HIV感染的CDC分类与味觉和嗅觉功能之间没有明显的相关性，尽管观察到的趋势表明随着HIV疾病的进展，味觉和嗅觉功能会恶化。这些结果记录了HIV感染受试者显著的味觉和嗅觉丧失，这可能在HIV相关消瘦的发展或进展中具有临床意义。
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) associated wasting is an increasingly common clinical manifestation of AIDS. The pathogenesis of wasting is multifactorial and includes reduced caloric intake as a major contributing mechanism. The perceptions of taste and smell play an important role in stimulating caloric intake and in optimizing nutrient absorption through cephalic phase reflexes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of losses in taste and smell function that occur in subjects infected with HIV. Taste and smell function was evaluated in 40 HIV infected individuals and 40 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, race, smoking behavior, and number of years of education. Chemosensory tests administered to subjects included taste and smell detection thresholds, taste and smell memory tests, taste and smell discrimination rests, and taste and smell identification tasks. Significant differences were observed between experimental and control subjects in glutamic acid taste detection threshold (p < 0.001), quinine hydrochloride taste detection threshold (p < 0.001), menthol smell detection threshold (p < 0.001) and in the taste identification task (p = 0.006). Overall the results suggest abnormalities in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and subjective distortion of taste and smell. A significant correlation was not established between CDC classification of HIV infection and taste and smell function, although trends were observed suggesting worsening function with progression of HIV disease. These results document significant taste and smell losses in HIV infected subjects which may be of clinical significance in the development or progression of HIV associated wasting.