Some Reflections on Quantum Logic and Schrödinger's Cat
Some Reflections on Quantum Logic and Schrödinger's Cat
复制标题
对量子逻辑和薛定谔的猫的一些思考
DOI：
10.1093/bjps/30.1.27
复制
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Bub
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Bub
逻辑是经验性的--作为量子力学某些概念性问题的解决方案而提出--是一篇关于世界是如何组合在一起的论文。世界的逻辑是非布尔的这一主张涉及事件的实际可能性结构。这一论点的证据支持问题则是另一回事。这里的问题是方法论问题。维持这样一个论点有什么理由可能是理性的呢？我想考虑两组实验现象，并表明它们一起涉及一个两难境地。第二个实验排除了某种假设，这种假设显然是解释第一组现象所必需的组成部分。哥本哈根解释抓住了两难境地的一个角，量子逻辑解释抓住了另一个角。薛定谔猫悖论是哥本哈根解释的症状。第一个实验涉及光的偏振，可以由阅读器进行。取两张偏光片，将它们一张放在另一张上，放在光源前，例如一扇打开的窗户，观察到光线的强度从最大到零的大小，因为一张宝丽来相对于另一张旋转了90度。这一现象最容易解释的方法是假设通过偏光片的系统是一个(经典)波，其偏振状态是由通过偏光片引起的。这是一个非常自然的概念，认为宝丽来是一个屏障，改变了波通过时的振荡运动。波动理论不能令人满意的原因是，当它击中照相底片时，系统表现为粒子，即波的能量表现出一种“量子”行为--在足够低的强度下，人们观察到在照相底板上的单个击打，随着时间的推移，其强度与波的强度成正比。要看到这一点，
The claim that logic is empirical—advanced as a solution to certain conceptual problems of quantum mechanics—is a thesis about the way the world is put together. The proposal that the logic of the world is non-Boolean concerns the actual possibility structure of events. The question of evidential support for this thesis is another matter. The issue here is methodological. On what grounds could it possibly be rational to maintain such a thesis? I want to consider two groups of experimental phenomena and show that together they involve a dilemma. A certain assumption, which is apparently required as a component of any explanation of the first group of phenomena, is excluded by the second experiment. The Copenhagen interpretation grasps one horn of the dilemma, the quantum logical interpretation the other. The Schrodinger cat paradox is symptomatic of the Copenhagen interpretation. The first experiment concerns polarisation of light and can be performed by the reader. Take two sheets of polaroid, place them one over the other in front of a light source, for example an open window, and observe that the intensity of the light waxes and wanes, from a maximum to zero, as one polaroid is rotated relative to the other through an angle of 90. This phenomenon is most easily explained by assuming that the system passing through the polaroid sheets is a (classical) wave, whose state of polarisation is induced by passage through a sheet of polaroid. It is a perfectly natural conception to think of the polaroid as a barrier transforming the oscillatory motion of the wave as it passes through. The reason a wave theory is unsatisfactory is that the system manifests itself as a particle when it hits a photographic plate, i.e., the energy of the wave manifests a "quantum" behaviour—at sufficiently low intensities one observes individual hits on the photographic plate which build up over time to an intensity proportional to that of the wave. To see this, of