Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
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DOI：
10.1038/ng.3223
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Martin, Francis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kohler, Annegret;Kuo, Alan;Martin, Francis
为了阐明菌根生活方式进化的遗传基础，我们对新的真菌基因组进行了测序，其中包括13个雌雄同体（ECM），兰花（Orm）和ericoid（ERM）物种以及5种肉毒杆菌，我们与其他真菌基因组进行了分析。与祖先的木衰减者相比，外生菌根真菌的补充降低了编码植物细胞壁降解酶（PCWDES）的基因。然而，他们保留了一系列独特的PCWDE，因此表明它们具有分解木质纤维素的各种能力。在共生中诱导了类似的非传单基因的功能类别。在诱导基因中，7-38％是孤儿基因，包括编码分泌效应子样蛋白的基因。真菌中菌根习惯的收敛进化是通过“共生工具包”的反复演变而发生的，其中PCWDES的数量减少和菌根诱导的基因的谱系特异性套件。
To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7-38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.