Spatial welfare effects of shared taxi operating policies for first mile airport access
Spatial welfare effects of shared taxi operating policies for first mile airport access
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijtst.2017.07.001
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ziyi Ma;M. Urbanek;Maria Alejandra Pardo;Joseph Y. J. Chow;Xuebo Lai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ziyi Ma;M. Urbanek;Maria Alejandra Pardo;Joseph Y. J. Chow;Xuebo Lai
随着第一英里/最后一英里的替代出行选择越来越多，有必要更好地了解共享出租车如何影响机场交通需求和消费者剩余。然而，还没有进行研究，以评估一系列共享出租车匹配和机场通道票价分配政策的福利影响。使用几个数据源，主要是从纽约和新泽西州的港务局和出租车和豪华轿车委员会，模式选择模型估计访问约翰F。纽约市的肯尼迪国际机场。基线模型和数据显示，乘客的时间价值为每小时101美元，与哈维1986年的研究一致。与公共交通类似，机场出租车旅客的成本也具有弹性。该模型被用来评估两个政策：第一（我们称之为等待共享政策），出租车可以提供共享乘坐两名乘客从同一邮政编码，纳入内生预期等待时间变量;和第二（我们称之为空间共享政策），出租车随机匹配到达乘客从任何邮政编码在城市。这两项政策反映了介于等待和绕道之间的一系列政策的极端。调查结果表明，有一个共享的出租车选择受益乘客在纽约前往肯尼迪机场的消费者盈余至少增加10%。然而，出租车乘客量的增加是以公交乘客量为代价的。此外，纽约市受益最大的人群高度依赖于共享出租车政策的类型。等候共享政策使来自曼哈顿人口稠密地区的乘客受益最大，而空间共享政策则将利益更多地分配给其他行政区。这些见解可以帮助政策制定者制定法规，在世界各地的不同城市提供第一英里/最后一英里的共乘出租车选择。
With increasing availability of alternative mobility options for first/last mile, it is necessary to better understand how shared taxis are impacting airport access demand and consumer surplus. However, no study has been conducted to evaluate the welfare effects of the range of shared taxi matching and fare allocation policies for airport access. Using several data sources primarily from Port Authority of NY and NJ and The Taxi and Limousine Commission, a mode choice model is estimated for access to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. The baseline model and data show that passengers have a value of time of $101 per hour, consistent with Harvey’s study from 1986. Airport taxi travelers are also elastic to cost in a similar manner to public transit. The model is used to evaluate two policies: a first (we call this wait-share policy) where taxis can offer shared rides for two passengers from the same zip code, incorporating an endogenous expected wait time variable; and a second (we call this space-share policy) where taxis match randomly arriving passengers from any zip codes in the city. These two policies reflect extreme ends of a spectrum of policies between waiting and detouring. Findings suggest that having a shared taxi option benefit passengers in NYC going to JFK airport by at least 10% increase in consumer surplus. However, the increase in taxi ridership comes at a cost to transit ridership. Furthermore, the population in NYC that benefits most is highly dependent on the type of shared taxi policy. A wait-share policy benefits passengers from the dense parts of Manhattan most, while a space-share policy distributes the benefits more to other boroughs. These insights can help policymakers set regulations in providing first/last mile ride-sharing taxi options in different cities around the world.