Sex and individual differences in the effect of chronic low-dose ethanol on behavioral strategy selection.
Sex and individual differences in the effect of chronic low-dose ethanol on behavioral strategy selection.
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长期低剂量乙醇对行为策略选择影响的性别和个体差异。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.15218
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barker,JacquelineM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bryant,KathleenG;Singh,Binay;Barker,JacquelineM
背景酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发展涉及行为控制和灵活性受损。行为不稳定性包括无法改变行为以应对行为结果的变化。低水平的乙醇饮用可能会促进形成不灵活的，习惯性的奖励寻求，但这可能取决于乙醇暴露的时间与学习。本研究的目的是确定低剂量乙醇暴露史是否促进了对偶然事件不敏感的蔗糖寻求和改变的行为策略选择。（杠杆按压）蔗糖在两个不同的强化时间表：一个被认为是促进不灵活的反应（随机间隔），一个保持灵活的反应（可变比率[VR]）。每天器械训练后，将小鼠暴露于盐水或低剂量乙醇（0.5g/kg; i. p.）学习后近端（1小时后）或远端（4小时后）。然后测试小鼠的敏感性变化，在应急降解test.ResultsA的历史，低剂量乙醇暴露转移行为策略的选择，奖励跟踪行为，但这取决于性别和强化时间表的历史。雄性和雌性小鼠根据强化时间表使用不同的策略，但只有雄性小鼠在策略选择中表现出乙醇诱导的变化。低剂量乙醇暴露的历史并没有影响男性的应急敏感性，但促进不敏感的女性，特别是在VR level.ConclusionsFemale小鼠表现出明显的行为影响反复，低剂量乙醇暴露相比，男性，与性别差异，在使用奖励跟踪策略，以指导行为。未来的研究应该调查慢性低剂量乙醇暴露的神经后果的性别差异，这可能是行为变化的基础。
BackgroundThe development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves impaired behavioral control and flexibility. Behavioral inflexibility includes an inability to shift behavior in response to changes in behavioral outcomes. Low levels of ethanol drinking may promote the formation of inflexible, habitual reward seeking, but this may depend on the timing of ethanol exposure in relation to learning. The goal of this study was to determine whether a history of low‐dose ethanol exposure promoted contingency‐insensitive sucrose seeking and altered behavioral strategy selection.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to perform a response (lever press) for sucrose on two different reinforcement schedules: one that is thought to promote inflexible responding (random interval) and one that maintains flexible responding (variable ratio [VR]). Following instrumental training each day, mice were exposed to saline or low‐dose ethanol (0.5 g/kg; i.p.) either proximal (1 h after) or distal (4 h after) to learning. Mice were then tested for sensitivity to changes in contingency in a contingency degradation test.ResultsA history of low‐dose ethanol exposure shifted behavioral strategy selection, as measured by reward tracking behavior, but this depended on sex and reinforcement schedule history. Both male and female mice used different strategies depending on the reinforcement schedule, but only males exhibited ethanol‐induced shifts in strategy selection. A history of low‐dose ethanol exposure did not impact contingency sensitivity in males but promoted insensitivity in females specifically on the VR lever.ConclusionsFemale mice show distinct behavioral effects of repeated, low‐dose ethanol exposure as compared to males, with sex differences in the use of reward tracking strategies to guide behavior. Future studies should investigate sex differences in the neural consequences of chronic low‐dose ethanol exposure that may underlie behavioral changes.