Analysis of IR thermal imager for mass blind fever screening
Analysis of IR thermal imager for mass blind fever screening
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mvr.2004.05.003
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Chang, WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, EYK;Kaw, GJL;Chang, WM
背景：获得有意义的人体温度需要确定一个身体部位，这将为大量人群提供可靠的数据。重要的是要明白，皮肤温度不仅取决于身体核心温度，还可能受到其他生理和环境因素的影响。目前，缺乏面部温度与身体核心温度的相关经验数据。目前在机场/移民检查站使用的红外系统尚未经过科学验证，特别是在假阴性率方面。因此，他们可能会通过低估发热（和可能感染）个体的数量来制造一种虚假的安全感。本文评价了热扫描仪用于大规模盲目筛查潜在发热对象（如SARS或禽流感患者）的有效性。方法：采用生物统计学、回归分析和ROC分析方法，对新加坡SARS医院502例病例资料进行分析，得出结论。结果对于确定两个非常重要的信息至关重要：面部最佳且实用的读取区域和热成像仪的最佳预设阈值温度。结果：(1)热扫描仪可作为大规模热热盲筛查的一线工具；(2)热扫描仪读数与耳温读数具有良好的相关性；(3)热像仪温度阈值应根据环境因素，特别是室外条件、生理部位偏移和热像仪的性能特点来确定，以保证最准确可靠的筛查操作。结论：分析表明，当特定区域的读数与耳温有良好的相关性时，所使用的热成像仪对大规模盲筛有很大的希望。从回归分析来看，最佳读数是眼睛区域的最高温度，其次是前额区域的最高温度。通过ROC分析，发热组随机选择的个体的检验值在97.2%的情况下大于正常组随机选择的个体的检验值。该测试可以区分正常组和发热组，并可以找到热像仪的最佳阈值温度。根据相关的环境条件，发现当前热成像仪的预设阈值截止温度为36.3度。任何温度读数超过这个读数将触发警报，温度计将被用来验证该人是否发烧。(C) 2004爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Background: Obtaining meaningful temperature for the human body requires identifying a body site that will provide reliable data across a large population. It is important to understand that skin temperature does not solely depend on body-core temperature and may be affected by other physiological and environmental factors. Currently, there is lack of empirical data in correlating facial surface temperature with body core temperature. Present IR systems in use at airports/immigration checkpoints have not been scientifically validated particularly in regards to the false-negative rate. As a result, they may create a false sense of security by underestimating the number of febrile (and possibly infected) individuals. This article evaluates the effectiveness of thermal scanner when it is being used for mass blind screening of potential fever subjects such as SARS or bird flu patients. Methods: Bio-statistics with regression analysis and ROC is applied to analyse the data collected (502) from the SARS hospital in Singapore and conclusive results are drawn from them. The results are vital in determining two very important pieces of information: the best and yet practical region on the face to take readings and optimal pre-set threshold temperature for the thermal imager. Results: (1) The thermal scanner can be used as a first line tool for the mass blind screening of hyperthermia, (2) the readings from the scanner suggest good correlation with the ear temperature readings, (3) an imager temperature threshold should be determined by the environmental factors, outdoor condition in particular, the physiological site offset and the performance characteristics of thermal imager to warrant the most accurate and reliable screening operation. Conclusions: The analysis suggested that the thermal imager used holds much promise for mass blind screening when the readings from a specific region have a good correlation with the ear temperature. From the regression analysis, the best reading is taken from the maximum temperature in the eye region, followed by the maximum temperature in the forehead region. With ROC analysis, a randomly selected individual from the fever group has a test value larger than that for a randomly selected individual from the normal group in 97.2% of the time. The test can distinguish between the normal and febrile groups and an optimum threshold temperature for the thermal imager can be found. The pre-set threshold cut-off temperature for the current thermal imager was found to be 36.3degreesC with reference to the associated environmental condition. Any temperature readings that exceed this reading will trigger off the alarm and a thermometer will be used to verify the whether the person is having fever. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.