Changes in orangutan caloric intake, energy balance, and ketones in response to fluctuating fruit availability
Changes in orangutan caloric intake, energy balance, and ketones in response to fluctuating fruit availability
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1020330404983
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Knott, CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knott, CD
1994年9月至1995年9月，我在印度尼西亚西加里曼丹的古农帕隆国家公园对bb60只猩猩进行了4918小时的观察，使用了新的定量测量方法来评估水果季节性对饮食和能量平衡变化的影响。在此期间，通过对558棵红毛猩猩果树的监测，出现了大量的结果，导致果实供应的大幅波动。猩猩的饮食也随着这些波动发生了巨大的变化。在水果产量最高的月份，猩猩的饮食100%由水果组成。相比之下，在缺乏水果的时期，饮食中只有21%是水果，37%是树皮。对研究中最常食用的78种食物的营养分析表明，肥大食物的热量含量明显高于非肥大食物，这转化为热量摄入的实质性变化。在水果消费量最高的月份（1月），雄性每天消耗8422千卡，雌性每天消耗7404千卡。在水果消费量最低的月份（5月），雄性消耗3824千卡/天，雌性消耗1793千卡/天。这些差异在2个月间男女均有显著差异。五月份，男性每天摄入的卡路里明显多于女性。在这两个时期，雄性和雌性花在喂食上的时间没有区别。我通过测量从成年雄性和雌性收集的257份尿液样本中的酮来评估饮食和热量摄入的变化对猩猩生理功能的影响。酮——脂肪代谢的产物——只在缺乏水果的时期出现在尿液中。这些数据表明，猩猩在水果丰富的时期储存食物的效率很高，在水果短缺的时候利用储备。这种反应可能对猩猩的生存、繁殖和行为有重要的影响。
I used novel quantitative measures to assess the impact of fruit seasonality on changes in diet and energy balance during 4918 hours of observation on >60 orangutans in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, from September 1994 through September 1995. During this period a mast fruiting occurred resulting in large fluctuations in fruit availability measured by monitoring of 558 orangutan fruit trees. Orangutan diet varied tremendously in accordance with these fluctuations. During the month of highest fruit production, 100% of the orangutan diet was composed of fruit. In contrast, during the fruit-poor period as little as 21% of the diet was fruit, while 37% was bark. Nutritional analyses of 78 of the foods most commonly eaten during this study show that mast foods were significantly higher in caloric content than were nonmast foods, which translates into substantial changes in caloric intake. During the month of highest fruit consumption (January), males consumed an estimated 8422 kcal/day and females consumed 7404 kcal/day. During the month of lowest fruit consumption (May), males consumed 3824 kcal/day and females consumed 1793 kcal/day. These differences were significantly different between the 2 months for both males and females. In May, males ate significantly more kcal/day than females did. Time spent feeding did not differ between the two periods for either males or females. I assessed the impact of these changes in diet and caloric intake on orangutan physiological functioning by measuring ketones in 257 urine samples collected from adult males and females. Ketones-products of fat metabolism-were present in urine only during the fruit-poor period. These data suggest that orangutans are highly efficient at storing far during fruit-rich periods and utilizing the reserves during times of fruit shortfall. This response may have important implications for orangutan survivorship, reproduction, and behavior.