Ophthalmic screening of 38,000 children, age 1 to 2 1/2 years, in child welfare clinics.
Ophthalmic screening of 38,000 children, age 1 to 2 1/2 years, in child welfare clinics.
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在儿童福利诊所对 38,000 名 1 至 2 1/2 岁的儿童进行眼科筛查。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
B. Peleg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Friedman;E. Neumann;S. Hyams;B. Peleg
对38，000名1至2岁半婴儿进行筛查，显示斜视患病率为1.3%，斜视性弱视患病率为0.5%。内斜视是外斜视的三倍多。大约一半的内斜视病例是弱视。间歇性外斜视占81%，V型占29%，明显屈光不正占斜视的50%以上。虽然远视是内斜视儿童最常见的屈光，但近视是内斜视和外斜视的常见发现。屈光参差在持续性单侧内斜视中尤为常见。7%的婴儿型内斜视患者为混合性斜视。在麻痹性斜视的病例中，最常见的受累肌肉是外直肌。在0.2%的病例中发现了显著的器质性病变，而不是斜视或弱视。通过未散瞳的“快速检影法”是检测儿童高度屈光不正和非斜视性弱视的有效方法。由于这种检查方法易于执行，建议将其作为儿童筛查项目的一部分。由受过训练的矫正医师进行的“快速视网膜检影”也是检测眼介质中混浊的有用方法。
Screening of 38,000 infants, age 1 to 2 1/2 years, showed a prevalence of 1.3% of strabismus and 0.5% of strabismic amblyopia. Esotropia was more than three times as frequent as exotropia. Approximately half of the cases with esotropia were amblyopic. Eighty-one percent of the cases with exotropia were intermittent, and in 29% the V-pattern was found. Significant ametropia was found in over 50% of the cases with strabismus. Although hypermetropia was the most frequent refraction in children with esotropia, myopia was a frequent finding in both esotropia and exotropia. Anisometroia was particularly frequent in constant unilateral esotropia. Accommodative strabismus was found in 7% of cases with infantile esotropia. In cases with paralytic strabismus, the most frequent muscle involved was the lateral rectus. Significant organic pathology, other than strabismus or amblyopia, was revealed in 0.2% of the series. "Rapid retinoscopy" through undilated pupils is an efficient method in detecting high refractive errors and candidates for nonstrabismic amblyopia in childhood. Since this method of examination is easy to perform, its adoption as a part of screening projects in childhood is recommended. "Rapid retinoscopy" performed by a trained orthoptist is also a useful method for detecting opacities in the ocular media.