Structures of globalization: Evidence from the worldwide network of bilateral investment treaties (1959–2009)
Structures of globalization: Evidence from the worldwide network of bilateral investment treaties (1959–2009)
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全球化的结构：来自全球双边投资条约网络的证据（1959-2009）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew C. Mahutga
中科院分区：
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作者：
N. Bandelj;Matthew C. Mahutga
现有的国际关系社会学理论对其结构作出了截然不同的预测，从日益密集和普遍联系的网络到关系往往集中在某些类型的经济、政治或文化界定的集团内部或之间的网络。我们通过分析双边投资条约（BIT）的完整全球网络的原始数据，为这一不断增长的实证研究做出贡献，因为它自1959年成立以来已经发展了50年。我们发现，双边投资条约的数量随着时间的推移几乎呈指数级增长，几乎涵盖了世界上所有国家。然而，先进资本家和其他人之间的联系密度比任何其他二元类型都要强。我们也发现了区域同质性的模式，但仅在亚洲，东亚，后社会主义欧洲和欧亚大陆，北非/中东。这些发现表明，现有的全球化解释更多的是补充而不是争论。因此，对任何特定的全球结果进行理论化，都需要注意物质和文化力量的非线性以及跨国和地方社会历史发展的相互作用。我们对双边投资条约网络结构的分析也有助于解释在以前的研究中发现的外国直接投资与双边投资条约之间的薄弱联系。
Existing sociological theories of international relations yield contrasting predictions for their structure that range from an increasingly dense and universally tied network to networks in which ties tend to concentrate within or between certain types of economically, politically or culturally defined blocs. We contribute to this growing body of empirical research by analyzing original data on the complete worldwide network of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) as it has evolved over the course of 50 years since its inception in 1959. We find that the number of BITs increases almost exponentially over time to include nearly all of the world’s countries. However, the density of ties between advanced capitalist and others is stronger than for any other dyadic types. We also find patterns of regional homophily, but only in Asia, East Asia, Postsocialist Europe and Eurasia, and North Africa/Middle East. These findings suggest that existing explanations of globalization are more complementary than contending. Theorizing about any particular global outcome thus requires attention to the simultaneity of material and cultural forces and the interplay of transnational and local socio-historical developments. Our analysis of the structure of the BIT network also helps explain the weak link between foreign direct investment and BITs discovered in previous research.