Personality traits affecting judgement bias task performance in dogs (Canis familiaris)
Personality traits affecting judgement bias task performance in dogs (Canis familiaris)
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-25224-y
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发表时间：
2018-04-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hepper, Peter G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barnard, Shanis;Wells, Deborah L.;Hepper, Peter G.
众所周知，某些人格特征(如焦虑、恐惧)会影响对环境刺激的认知加工，如对模棱两可的刺激的判断(判断偏差)。我们的目的是评估个性特征是否预示着家犬的判断偏向是或多或少的“悲观”或“乐观”。我们使用两个有效的方案来评估狗的个性(N=31)：狗心理评估(标准化电池测试)和CBARQ(基于主人的调查)。我们使用了一项基于动物潜伏期的常见任务，将碗放在有诱饵(正)和无饵(负)之间的三个模棱两可的位置(接近正、中、近负)中的一个位置来评估判断偏差。线性混合模型分析显示，在社交、兴奋性和非社交恐惧方面得分较高的狗，对位置模糊的碗的反应潜伏期较短，这表明狗的偏见更乐观。相比之下，狗在与分离相关的行为和狗的恐惧/攻击性特征上得分较高，更有可能判断一个模棱两可的刺激导致负面结果，这表明狗的偏见更悲观。这一结果与之前在人类身上的发现部分一致，表明个性在家犬对环境刺激的认知过程中发挥了作用。
Certain personality traits (e.g. anxiousness, fearfulness), are known to affect the cognitive processing of environmental stimuli, such as the judgement of ambiguous stimuli (judgement bias). Our aim was to assess if personality traits are predictive of a more or less 'pessimistic' or 'optimistic' judgement bias in the domestic dog. We assessed dog personality (N = 31) using two validated protocols: the Dog Mentality Assessment (standardised battery test) and the CBARQ (owner-based survey). We used a common task based on the animals' latency to approach a bowl placed in one of three ambiguous positions (Near Positive, Middle, Near Negative) between a baited (Positive) and a non-baited food bowl (Negative) to assess judgement bias. Linear Mixed Model analyses revealed that dogs scoring higher on sociability, excitability and non-social-fear had shorter response latencies to bowls in an ambiguous location, indicating a more 'optimistic' bias. In contrast, dogs scoring higher on separation-related-behaviour and dog-directed-fear/aggression traits were more likely to judge an ambiguous stimulus as leading to a negative outcome, indicating a more 'pessimistic' bias. Results, partially consistent with previous findings in humans, indicate that personality plays a role in the cognitive processing of environmental stimuli in the domestic dog.