Neural mechanisms of three-dimensional vision
Neural mechanisms of three-dimensional vision
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neures.2004.11.006
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sakata, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tsutsui, KI;Taira, M;Sakata, H
我们可以看到三维的东西，因为视觉系统从投射到视网膜上的物体的二维图像重建物体的三维结构。本文的目的是给一个概述的心理学背景和最近的生理发现有关的三维视觉。心理物理学和计算研究表明，在视觉系统中，表面方向首先是独立于个体深度线索（如双眼视差，以及包括纹理梯度在内的各种单眼线索）进行估计的，然后将来自这些不同深度线索的信息整合起来，构建表面几何形状的一般化表示。参与低水平视差处理或局部绝对视差检测的神经元主要位于枕叶皮层，而参与高水平视差处理或通过视差梯度计算重建3D表面方向的神经元主要位于顶叶区尾侧顶内沟（CIP）。在CIP中也发现了对纹理梯度敏感的神经元，这是主要的单眼线索之一。这些神经元中的大多数也对视差梯度敏感，这表明它们参与了3D表面方向的计算。在CIP中，对多个深度线索敏感的神经元广泛分布在同一深度线索敏感的神经元中，这表明CIP参与了来自不同来源的深度信息的整合。此外，人类和猴子的成像研究表明，在CIP中的多个深度线索的收敛。这些神经生理学的发现表明，CIP通过构建物体表面几何形状的概括性表征，在视觉中起着至关重要的作用。(C)2004年Elsevier爱尔兰有限公司和日本神经科学学会。All rights reserved.
We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (313) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (21)) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiological findings concerning three-dimensional vision. Psychophysical and computational studies have suggested that in the visual system the 31) surface orientation is first estimated independently from individual depth cues-such as binocular disparity, as well as various monocular cues including texture gradients-and then the information from these different depth cues is integrated to construct a generalized representation of the 31) surface geometry. Neurons involved in low-level disparity processing, or the detection of local absolute disparity, were found mainly in the occipital cortex, whereas neurons involved in high-level disparity processing, or the reconstruction of 3D surface orientation through the computation of disparity gradients, were found mainly in the parietal area caudal intraparietal sulcus (CIP). Neurons sensitive to texture gradients, which is one of the major monocular cues, were also found in CIP The majority of these neurons were sensitive to disparity gradients as well, suggesting their involvement in the computation of 3D surface orientation. In CIP, neurons sensitive to multiple depth cues were widely distributed together with those sensitive to a specific depth cue, suggesting CIP's involvement in the integration of depth information from different sources. In addition, human and monkey imaging studies have indicated convergence of multiple depth cues in CIP. These neurophysiological findings suggest that CIP plays a critical role in 31) vision by constructing a generalized representation of the 31) surface geometry of objects. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.