Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5a and the retroviral capsid.
Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5a and the retroviral capsid.
复制标题
HIV-2 的延迟疾病进展：TRIM5a 和逆转录病毒衣壳的重要性。
DOI：
10.1111/cei.13280
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Boswell MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boswell MT
据认为，HIV-2 在 20 世纪 30 年代通过西非乌白眉猴 SIV 的跨物种传播进入人类群体。与 HIV-1 不同，HIV-2 并未导致全球大流行，而且最近的数据表明，在以前曾流行过 HIV-2 的一些西非国家，HIV-2 的流行率正在下降。尽管许多早期的 HIV-2 分离株来源于患有 AIDS 定义性疾病的患者，但人们注意到，与 HIV-1 感染者相比，HIV-2 感染者中长期无进展者 (LTNP) 的比例要大得多。许多感染 HIV-2 的成年人没有症状，十多年来一直保持检测不到的病毒载量。然而，尽管病毒载量较低，大多数患者在没有治疗干预的情况下，HIV-2 仍会发展为临床艾滋病。此外，抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的成功治疗比 HIV-1 更具挑战性。 HIV-2 对宿主限制因子三联基序 TRIM5α 的限制明显比 HIV-1 更敏感，这种敏感性差异与衣壳结构的差异有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HIV-2 疾病进展的决定因素，并重点关注 TRIM5α 和 HIV-2 衣壳在长期病毒控制中的重要相互作用。
HIV-2 is thought to have entered the human population in the 1930s through cross-species transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys in West Africa. Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 has not led to a global pandemic, and recent data suggest that HIV-2 prevalence is declining in some West African states where it was formerly endemic. Although many early isolates of HIV-2 were derived from patients presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses, it was noted that a much larger proportion of HIV-2-infected subjects behaved as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than their HIV-1-infected counterparts. Many HIV-2-infected adults are asymptomatic, maintaining an undetectable viral load for over a decade. However, despite lower viral loads, HIV-2 progresses to clinical AIDS without therapeutic intervention in most patients. In addition, successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is more challenging than for HIV-1. HIV-2 is significantly more sensitive to restriction by host restriction factor tripartite motif TRIM5α than HIV-1, and this difference in sensitivity is linked to differences in capsid structure. In this review we discuss the determinants of HIV-2 disease progression and focus on the important interactions between TRIM5α and HIV-2 capsid in long-term viral control.