The influence of acute stress on the regulation of conditioned fear.
The influence of acute stress on the regulation of conditioned fear.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.11.004
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Phelps, Elizabeth A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raio, Candace M;Phelps, Elizabeth A
恐惧学习和调节是描述焦虑障碍和压力相关精神病理发病机制的重要模型。恐惧表达可以通过多种调节策略进行调节，包括消除、认知情绪调节、回避策略和再巩固。在这篇综述中，我们研究了急性应激和应激激素对这些调节技术的影响。我们关注的是已知的压力对灵活调节恐惧反应能力的影响，这种能力是通过巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射获得的。我们的主要目的是探索压力对人类恐惧调节的影响。鉴于此，我们将重点关注压力与人类恐惧调节改变（灭绝和情绪调节）相关的技术，并简要讨论其他技术（回避和重新巩固），其中压力或压力激素的影响主要在动物模型中进行了探索。这些研究表明，急性应激可能会损害对恐惧的持续抑制，可能是通过改变前额皮质功能来实现的。描述压力对恐惧调节的影响对于理解现有调节策略在日常生活中可行的界限至关重要，并且可以更好地为那些患有焦虑和压力相关精神病理的人提供治疗选择。
Fear learning and regulation is a prominent model for describing the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and stress-related psychopathology. Fear expression can be modulated using a number of regulatory strategies, including extinction, cognitive emotion regulation, avoidance strategies and reconsolidation. In this review, we examine research investigating the effects of acute stress and stress hormones on these regulatory techniques. We focus on what is known about the impact of stress on the ability to flexibly regulate fear responses that are acquired through Pavlovian fear conditioning. Our primary aim is to explore the impact of stress on fear regulation in humans. Given this, we focus on techniques where stress has been linked to alterations of fear regulation in humans (extinction and emotion regulation), and briefly discuss other techniques (avoidance and reconsolidation) where the impact of stress or stress hormones have been mainly explored in animal models. These investigations reveal that acute stress may impair the persistent inhibition of fear, presumably by altering prefrontal cortex function. Characterizing the effects of stress on fear regulation is critical for understanding the boundaries within which existing regulation strategies are viable in everyday life and can better inform treatment options for those who suffer from anxiety and stress-related psychopathology.