Dreams and reality monitoring.
Dreams and reality monitoring.
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梦与现实的监控。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.113.3.329
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Raye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marcia K. Johnson;T. Kahan;C. Raye
实验一测试了一种违反直觉的预测，即对自己梦的记忆不应该特别容易与对别人梦的记忆区分开来。两个人相互报告他们前一天晚上做过的梦、读过的梦或虚构的梦。在一项要求受试者区分他们报告的事件和他们伴侣报告的事件的测试中，受试者在现实梦中的困难比他们阅读或虚构的梦更难。实验2提供的证据表明，真实的梦不只是产生整体较弱的记忆；随着更多的时间做出反应和更详细的线索，梦的缺陷被消除了。此外，受试者对他们记忆的各种特征(如鲜活、个人相关性)的评分表明，梦通常不会更弱或更贫穷。结果在Johnson和Raye(1981)描述的现实监测框架内得到解释：真实梦的记忆被认为在帮助识别清醒状态下产生的信息的来源的有意识认知操作中是不足的。与此同时，真实的梦嵌入了一个支持记忆的网络，可以在适当的情况下利用这些记忆来做出现实监测决定。最后，对识别和回忆的比较表明，梦可能会留下难以通过自由回忆获得的持久记忆。
Experiment 1 tested the counterintuitive prediction that memories for one's own dreams should not be particularly easy to discriminate from memories for someone else's dreams. Pairs of people reported dreams to each other that they had either dreamed, read, or made up the night before. On a test requiring subjects to discriminate events they had reported from those reported by their partner, subjects had more difficulty with real dreams than with dreams they read or made up. Experiment 2 provided evidence that real dreams do not simply produce overall weaker memories; the deficit for dreams was eliminated with more time to respond and with more detailed cues. In addition, subjects' ratings of various characteristics of their memories (e.g., vividness, personal relevance) indicated that dreams were not generally weaker or impoverished. The results are interpreted within the framework for reality monitoring described by Johnson and Raye (1981): Memories for real dreams are proposed to be deficient in conscious cognitive operations that help identify the origin of information generated in a waking state. At the same time, real dreams are embedded in a network of supporting memories that can be drawn on for reality monitoring decisions under appropriate circumstances. Finally, a comparison of recognition and recall indicated that dreams may leave persisting memories that are difficult to access via free recall.