What happens when drivers of automated vehicles take over control in critical brake situations?
What happens when drivers of automated vehicles take over control in critical brake situations?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2020.105588
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Trukenbrod, Anna K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roche, Fabienne;Thuering, Manfred;Trukenbrod, Anna K.
即使使用自动驾驶车辆，当发生不可预测的事件时，也可能出现车头时距短和车辆动态极端的驾驶情况。如果驾驶员在这种情况下收回控制权，他们的行为以及他们能如何科普这种情况都是不确定的。这个问题尚未调查，有待我们研究。在驾驶模拟器中，非分心的参与者（N = 42）经历了9种由他们前面的制动车辆引起的危急情况。车头时距和纵向车辆动力学是不同的，以创建不同程度的客观关键性。参与者的关键性评级，接管行为和驾驶性能进行了记录和分析。结果表明，参与者对客观关键性的变化很敏感，并适应了他们的行为。在所有条件下，接管时间都非常快，参与者表现出更高的关键性评级，更激烈的减速，以及更多的车道变化，随着客观关键性的增加。为了避免碰撞，参与者的减速比自动化更快，并改变车道，即使这是不必要的。因此，它们增加了车辆不稳定、追尾和与超车车辆碰撞的风险。总而言之，在紧急刹车情况下的接管可能对司机和其他道路使用者的安全构成威胁，因为司机的反应比必要的更明显。这些结果表明，辅助功能是必要的，以支持司机在关键的接管情况。
Even with automated vehicles, driving situations with short time headways and extreme vehicle dynamics may arise when unpredictable events occur. If drivers take back control under such conditions, it is uncertain how they behave and how well they can cope with the situation. This issue has not been investigated yet and is subject to our study. In a driving simulator, non-distracted participants (N = 42) experienced nine critical situations caused by a braking vehicle in front of them. Time headway and longitudinal vehicle dynamics were varied to create different degrees of objective criticality. Participants' criticality ratings, take-over behavior, and driving performance were recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that participants were sensitive to changes in objective criticality and adapted their behavior. Take-over times were very fast under all conditions and participants showed higher criticality ratings, more intense decelerations, and more lane changes with increasing objective criticality. To avoid a collision, participants decelerated much more than the automation and changed lanes, even though this was not necessary. Thereby, they raised the risk of vehicle instability, rear-end collisions, and collisions with overtaking vehicles. To conclude, take-overs in critical brake situations may be a threat to the safety of drivers and other road users because drivers' reactions are more pronounced than necessary. These results suggest that assistive functions are required to support drivers in critical take-over situations.