Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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DOI：
10.1530/ec-20-0578
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Blumberg B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amato AA;Wheeler HB;Blumberg B
肥胖现在是一种世界性的流行病。对于肥胖症的流行，通常的解释是，它是由高热量饮食加上缺乏体育活动造成的。然而，这一模型不足以解释过去几十年来成人和儿童肥胖率的上升，这表明其他因素也是重要的贡献者。内分泌干扰化学品（EDC）是一种外源性化学品，或干扰激素作用的任何方面的混合物。内分泌干扰物在我们的环境中已经变得普遍，使人类每天通过摄入，吸入和直接皮肤接触暴露。暴露于内分泌干扰物与模式生物中的肥胖症有因果关系，并与人类肥胖症的发生有关。在体内，致肥剂通过多种机制促进脂肪形成和肥胖。环境致肥剂模型认为，暴露于致肥剂会增加肥胖的易感性，这种暴露可能是肥胖流行的一个重要但被忽视的因素。内分泌干扰物和肥胖剂暴露产生的影响可能会传递给随后的未暴露的几代人。这种“世代毒理学”目前没有被监管机构纳入风险评估，但可能是肥胖流行病以及困扰各地人口的非传染性疾病发病率全球增加的另一个重要因素。本文综述了目前关于肥胖如何影响体重的证据，讨论了最近被确定为肥胖的长期已知的化学物质，以及积累的知识如何帮助识别内分泌干扰物的危害。
Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This “generational toxicology” is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.