The contribution of soil structural degradation to catchment flooding: a preliminary investigation of the 2000 floods in England and Wales
The contribution of soil structural degradation to catchment flooding: a preliminary investigation of the 2000 floods in England and Wales
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土壤结构退化对流域洪水的影响：对 2000 年英格兰和威尔士洪水的初步调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. R. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Holman;J. Hollis;M. Bramley;T. R. Thompson
抽象的。2000年秋季，英格兰和威尔士经历了270多年来最潮湿的天气，造成了严重的洪灾。春季和秋季的异常潮湿为土壤结构退化提供了可能性。在经历了严重洪灾的四个集水区内，对五种常见的低地种植制度(秋播作物、晚收作物、大田蔬菜、果园和绵羊育肥以及家畜饲养制度)下容易出现结构性退化的土壤进行了检查。在所有五种种植制度、各种土壤类型和所有四个集水区，土壤表层、表土内部或表土/底土交界处的土壤结构退化普遍存在。对流域规模的外推表明，大约40%的塞文河流域、30%-35%的约克郡OUSE和UCK流域以及20%的伯恩流域可能发生了土壤结构退化。土壤结构条件通过水文土类、土壤条件和前期降雨条件与SCS曲线值相关联，以评估每个流域的增加径流量。只有在长期潮湿天气和耕作措施的时机导致广泛的土壤结构退化的年份，才有可能在集水区范围内作出这样的反应。然而，在集水区洪水管理计划中，应该强调在整个集水区范围内管理农业土地利用和水文之间的相互作用，允许从源头控制适当的径流(以及随之而来的洪水)，而不是在洪泛区或河道内。关键词：洪水、土壤结构、土地管理、曲线数、径流、农业
Abstract. During the autumn of 2000, England and Wales experienced the wettest conditions for over 270 years, causing significant flooding. The exceptional combination of a wet spring and autumn provided the potential for soil structural degradation. Soils prone to structural degradation under five common lowland cropping systems (autumn-sown crops, late-harvested crops, field vegetables, orchards and sheep fattening and livestock rearing systems) were examined within four catchments that experienced serious flooding. Soil structural degradation of the soil surface, within the topsoil or at the topsoil/subsoil junction, was widespread in all five cropping systems, under a wide range of soil types and in all four catchments. Extrapolation to the catchment scale suggests that soil structural degradation may have occurred on approximately 40% of the Severn, 30–35 % of the Yorkshire Ouse and Uck catchments and 20% of the Bourne catchment. Soil structural conditions were linked via hydrological soil group, soil condition and antecedent rainfall conditions to SCS Curve Numbers to evaluate the volume of enhanced runoff in each catchment. Such a response at the catchment-scale is only likely during years when prolonged wet weather and the timing of cultivation practices lead to widespread soil structural degradation. Nevertheless, an holistic catchment-wide approach to managing the interactions between agricultural land use and hydrology, allowing appropriate runoff (and consequent flooding) to be controlled at source, rather than within the floodplain or the river channel, should be highlighted in catchment flood management plans. Keywords: flooding, soil structure, land management, Curve Number, runoff, agriculture