Spectral overlap in songs and temporal avoidance in a Peruvian bird assemblage
Spectral overlap in songs and temporal avoidance in a Peruvian bird assemblage
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.2007.01461.x
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Slabbekoorn, Hans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Planque, Robert;Slabbekoorn, Hans
声音信号在许多动物的同种生物之间的交流中非常重要，特别是在相对黑暗、叶层密集的栖息地，如热带雨林。然而，由于许多物种都必须使用相同的声学空间，这可能会导致干扰和掩蔽。歌声将有效地吸引配偶或保卫领土，这取决于与当地社区其他物种的歌声在频谱和时间上重叠的程度。由于信号效率具有直接的适应性结果，生物体可能已经进化出一种策略，以避免对声音空间的竞争。因此，我们假设，复杂热带雨林群落中的物种可能表现出光谱分离或时间回避：以不同的频率或不同的时间歌唱。由于两者都是多余的，而且声音空间有限，我们预计频谱和时间重叠之间存在负相关。我们在秘鲁热带雨林中来自14个科的20种以发声为主的鸟类的录音中验证了这一假设。使用鸟类物种之间的配对比较，我们发现了光谱重叠和时间重叠之间的一个显著相关性。其他的都无关紧要。然而，我们确实发现，在多个鸟类物种更频繁地使用的频率上，如果所有物种只是随机地唱歌，而不知道彼此的歌声，重叠的部分比预期的要少得多。我们的分析表明，短期听觉反馈机制也可能在热带生物多样性环境中工作，并可能解释热带雨林中声音信号群落动力学的部分原因。
Acoustic signals are very important in communication among conspecifics for many animals, especially in relatively dark, densely foliated habitat such as tropical rainforest. However, as many species all have to use the same acoustic space, this may lead to interference and masking. Songs will function efficiently in attracting mates or defending territories depending on the level of spectral and temporal overlap with songs of other species in the local community. As signal efficiency has direct fitness consequences, organisms may have evolved a strategy to avoid competition for acoustic space. We hypothesize that, as a consequence, species in a complex rainforest community may show spectral segregation or temporal avoidance: singing at a different frequency or at a different time. As doing both is superfluous and acoustic space is limited, we expect a negative correlation between spectral and temporal overlap. We tested this hypothesis in recordings of 20 vocally dominant bird species from 14 families in a Peruvian rainforest. Using pair-wise comparisons between bird species, we found one significant correlation between spectral overlap and temporal overlap. All others were non-significant. However, we did find that, at frequencies more often used by multiple bird species, there was significantly less overlap than expected if all species were just singing randomly ignorant of each other's songs. Our analyses indicate that short-term auditory feedback mechanisms may also operate in the biodiverse environments of the tropics and may explain part of the community dynamics of acoustic signalling in the rainforest.