Older Drivers in Australia: Trends in Driving Status and Cognitive and Visual Impairment
Older Drivers in Australia: Trends in Driving Status and Cognitive and Visual Impairment
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02439.x
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, Lesley A.;Anstey, Kaarin J.;Mitchell, Paul
调查澳大利亚三个州内自我报告的驾驶状态;人口统计学，健康和功能因素与驾驶状态之间的关联;以及尽管有认知和视觉障碍但仍保持驾驶的程度作为性别的函数而变化。对汇集的数据集的二级数据分析。设置澳大利亚社区。参与者65至103岁的成年人（N=5，206）从动态分析优化老化（DYNOPTA）项目。DYNOPTA是一个独特的数据集，通过协调和汇集的数据在9个独立的澳大利亚纵向研究之间进行的老化1990年和2007年（N=50,652）。MEASUMENTSDriving状态，人口特征，微型精神状态检查分数，视力，体力活动，和occupational. ESTSMen和参与者与较高级别的职业有更大的机会驾驶。年龄越大，医疗条件越差，视力越差，不开车的几率越大。离婚、丧偶或从未结婚的人比已婚成年人不开车的风险更大。描述性分析显示，很大一部分男性可能有视觉或认知障碍谁报告驾驶。随后的DYNOPTA样本和其他美国和加拿大公布的数据之间的比较分析显示，澳大利亚妇女和那些在老年人中，目前的司机比例较低，虽然一直在澳大利亚和加拿大的司机比例较低比在美国。研究和政策需要侧重于对老年驾驶员的循证评估，并制定适当的干预措施和方案，以保持老年人的流动性和独立性。
OBJECTIVESTo investigate self-reported driving status within three Australian states; associations between demographic, health, and functional factors and driving status; and the extent to which remaining a driver in spite of cognitive and visual impairments varies as a function of sex.DESIGNSecondary data analysis of a pooled data set.SETTINGAustralian communities.PARTICIPANTSAdults aged 65 to 103 (N=5,206) from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project. DYNOPTA is a unique data set created through the harmonization and pooling of data across nine separate Australian longitudinal studies of aging conducted between 1990 and 2007 (N=50,652).MEASUREMENTSDriving status, demographic characteristics, Mini-Mental State Examination score, visual acuity, physical activity, and occupation.RESULTSMen and participants with higher-level occupations had greater odds of driving. Older age, more medical conditions, and poorer vision increased the odds of not driving. Persons who were divorced, widowed, or never married were at a greater risk than married adults of not driving. Descriptive analyses revealed a large proportion of men with probable visual or cognitive impairments who reported driving. Subsequent comparative analyses between the DYNOPTA sample and other published U.S. and Canadian data revealed lower proportions of current drivers among Australian women and those at older ages, although there were consistently lower proportions of drivers within Australia and Canada than in the United States.CONCLUSIONThe rate of men with probable dementia or visual impairments who reported driving is of particular concern. Research and policy need to focus on evidence-based assessment of older drivers and development of appropriate interventions and programs to maintain the mobility and independence of older adults.