Meteorological Research Enabled by Rapid-Scan Radar Technology
Meteorological Research Enabled by Rapid-Scan Radar Technology
复制标题
快速扫描雷达技术支持气象研究
DOI：
10.1175/mwr-d-22-0324.1
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Griffin, Casey B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bodine, David J.;Griffin, Casey B.
科学界长期以来一直承认高时间分辨率雷达观测对推进科学研究和改善高影响天气预报的重要性。在过去的二十年里，创新的快速扫描雷达技术的发展使雷达体积扫描时间达到10-60秒，而传统的抛物面碟形研究雷达和WSR-88 D雷达网络的扫描时间为3-5分钟。本文综述了快速扫描雷达技术（定义为在1分钟或更短时间内收集体积扫描的雷达）对跨越不同子学科的大气科学研究的影响，并评估了使用快速扫描雷达的优点和缺点。特别是，除了越来越多的对流研究外，还积累了大量关于龙卷风和强雷暴研究和预报应用的文献。对流研究大大受益于更同步的垂直视图，但可以通过利用多多普勒风检索和互补的现场和遥感传感器更大的好处。此外，几年的预报评估研究综合雷达试验台试验，同化快扫雷达观测的好处进行了分析。虽然目前的文献反映了快速扫描雷达在科学研究中的相当大的实用性，但一个弱点是，在理解所观察到的特征背后的物理机制方面取得了有限的进展。有相当大的机会弥合物理理解与当前技术之间的差距，利用协调一致的努力，将快速扫描雷达纳入实地活动，并扩大所研究的气象现象的广度。三维）测量，改善了天气现象的时间采样。本文回顾了过去二十年来这些雷达观测对科学研究和新兴作战能力的影响。除了记录与深对流相关的其他快速演变的现象，如龙卷风、冰雹、闪电和热带气旋，研究的广度和影响对于龙卷风的研究和预报应用是显而易见的。这篇评论确定了这些雷达如何用于科学研究的优点和缺点，以告知未来的研究，从快速扫描雷达的可用性和能力的增加中出现。此外，这篇评论综合了有利于未来雷达作战决策的研究。
The scientific community has long acknowledged the importance of high-temporal-resolution radar observations to advance science research and improve high-impact weather prediction. Development of innovative rapid-scan radar technologies over the past two decades has enabled radar volume scans of 10–60 s compared to 3–5 min with traditional parabolic dish research radars and the WSR-88D radar network. This review examines the impact of rapid-scan radar technology, defined as radars collecting volume scans in 1 min or less, on atmospheric science research spanning different subdisciplines and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the use of rapid-scan radars. In particular, a significant body of literature has accumulated for tornado and severe thunderstorm research and forecasting applications, in addition to a growing number of studies of convection. Convection research has benefited substantially from more synchronous vertical views, but could benefit more substantially by leveraging multi-Doppler wind retrievals and complementary in situ and remote sensors. In addition, several years of forecast evaluation studies are synthesized from radar testbed experiments, and the benefits of assimilating rapid-scan radar observations are analyzed. Although the current body of literature reflects the considerable utility of rapid-scan radars to science research, a weakness is that limited advancements in understanding of the physical mechanisms behind observed features have been enabled. There is considerable opportunity to bridge the gap in physical understanding with the current technology using coordinated efforts to include rapid-scan radars in field campaigns and expanding the breadth of meteorological phenomena studied.Significance StatementRecently developed rapid-scan radar technologies, capable of collecting volumetric (i.e., three-dimensional) measurements in 10–60 s, have improved temporal sampling of weather phenomena. This review examines the impact of these radar observations from the past two decades on science research and emerging operational capabilities. Substantial breadth and impact of research is evident for tornado research and forecasting applications, in addition to documentation of other rapidly evolving phenomena associated with deep convection, such as tornadoes, hail, lightning, and tropical cyclones. This review identifies the strengths and weaknesses of how these radars have been used in scientific research to inform future studies, emerging from the increasing availability and capability of rapid-scan radars. In addition, this review synthesizes research that can benefit future operational radar decisions.