Effect of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the risk perception of residents near a nuclear power plant in China
Effect of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the risk perception of residents near a nuclear power plant in China
复制标题
福岛核事故对我国核电站附近居民风险感知的影响
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1313825110
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发表时间：
2013-12-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Liu, Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Lei;Zhou, Ying;Liu, Yang
重要性由于其严重性和邻近性，福岛核事故使中国公众暴露在与核电相关的潜在风险之下。我们对事件发生前和事件发生后立即进行的调查的分析表明，这场灾难极大地改变了公众对核电的风险认识，并大大降低了公众的接受程度。我们的研究确定，女性、非公职人员、低收入工人和靠近现有核设施的居民可能受到最大的影响。有效的沟通策略，以促进公众对新的核电厂的判断，应该认识到这些敏感的亚群。我们评估了福岛核事故（FNA）对中国公众对中国核电厂的态度和接受程度的影响。两个调查（之前和之后的FNA）进行管理，以分离的子样本的居民附近的田湾核电站在中国连云港。构建了一个结构方程模型来描述公众对核电的接受程度和四个风险感知因素：知识，感知风险，收益和信任。在控制人口统计学变量的情况下，进行回归分析以估计核电接受度与风险感知因素之间的关系。与此同时，我们评估了公众可接受的三个级别的核事件频率的中位数。FNA对中国公众的风险感知有显著影响，尤其是感知风险因子，从有限风险上升到极大风险。在FNA之后，公众对核电的接受程度显著下降。最敏感的群体包括女性、非公职人员、低收入者和居住在田湾核电站附近的人。50%的受访者认为50年内发生不超过一次核异常是可以接受的。对于核事故和严重事故，频率分别为100年和150年一次。风险认知和接受度的变化可能归因于FNA。FNA之后，中国公众对核电的接受度下降，这给中国核电的进一步发展带来了额外的障碍，需要有效的沟通策略。
Significance Because of its severity and proximity, the Fukushima nuclear accident exposed the Chinese public to the potential risks associated with nuclear power. Our analysis of surveys taken before and immediately after the event shows that this disaster has dramatically changed the risks of nuclear power perceived by the public and has significantly decreased public acceptance. Our study identified females, those who are not in public service, lower-income workers, and residents close to existing nuclear facilities as potentially the most affected. Effective communication strategies to facilitate public judgments about new nuclear plants should recognize these sensitive subgroups. We assessed the influence of the Fukushima nuclear accident (FNA) on the Chinese public’s attitude and acceptance of nuclear power plants in China. Two surveys (before and after the FNA) were administered to separate subsamples of residents near the Tianwan nuclear power plant in Lianyungang, China. A structural equation model was constructed to describe the public acceptance of nuclear power and four risk perception factors: knowledge, perceived risk, benefit, and trust. Regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between acceptance of nuclear power and the risk perception factors while controlling for demographic variables. Meanwhile, we assessed the median public acceptable frequencies for three levels of nuclear events. The FNA had a significant impact on risk perception of the Chinese public, especially on the factor of perceived risk, which increased from limited risk to great risk. Public acceptance of nuclear power decreased significantly after the FNA. The most sensitive groups include females, those not in public service, those with lower income, and those living close to the Tianwan nuclear power plant. Fifty percent of the survey respondents considered it acceptable to have a nuclear anomaly no more than once in 50 y. For nuclear incidents and serious incidents, the frequencies are once in 100 y and 150 y, respectively. The change in risk perception and acceptance may be attributed to the FNA. Decreased acceptance of nuclear power after the FNA among the Chinese public creates additional obstacles to further development of nuclear power in China and require effective communication strategies.