The Fate of Speckled Protein 100 (Sp100) During Herpesviruses Infection.
The Fate of Speckled Protein 100 (Sp100) During Herpesviruses Infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2020.607526
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Collados Rodríguez M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Collados Rodríguez M
Speckled-100（Sp100）的组成型表达已知限制许多临床上重要的DNA病毒的复制。这种对病毒感染的预先存在的（内在的）免疫防御可以在干扰素（IFN）刺激后进一步上调，作为先天免疫应答的一部分。在人类中，Sp100由单个基因位点编码，可产生选择性剪接的同种型。被广泛研究的Sp100 A、Sp100 B、Sp 100C和Sp100 HMG具有与病毒和细胞染色质的转录调控相关的功能，其直接通过其特征性DNA结合结构域，或间接通过翻译后修饰（PTM）和相关蛋白质相互作用网络。Sp100亚型是早幼粒细胞白血病核体（PML-NB）的常驻组分蛋白，PML-NB是调节宿主对许多病原体的免疫防御的动态核亚结构。在人类疱疹病毒的情况下，表达多种蛋白质拮抗剂以减轻由PML-NB和Sp100衍生的蛋白质结构施加的病毒DNA基因组转录沉默，从而刺激病毒繁殖、发病和传播到新宿主。这篇综述详细介绍了不同的Sp100亚型在疱疹病毒HSV 1，VZV，HCMV，EBV和KSHV感染过程中是如何操作的，确定了我们目前知识的差距，并强调了未来的研究领域。
The constitutive expression of Speckled-100 (Sp100) is known to restrict the replication of many clinically important DNA viruses. This pre-existing (intrinsic) immune defense to virus infection can be further upregulated upon interferon (IFN) stimulation as a component of the innate immune response. In humans, Sp100 is encoded by a single gene locus, which can produce alternatively spliced isoforms. The widely studied Sp100A, Sp100B, Sp100C and Sp100HMG have functions associated with the transcriptional regulation of viral and cellular chromatin, either directly through their characteristic DNA-binding domains, or indirectly through post-translational modification (PTM) and associated protein interaction networks. Sp100 isoforms are resident component proteins of promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), dynamic nuclear sub-structures which regulate host immune defenses against many pathogens. In the case of human herpesviruses, multiple protein antagonists are expressed to relieve viral DNA genome transcriptional silencing imposed by PML-NB and Sp100-derived proteinaceous structures, thereby stimulating viral propagation, pathogenesis, and transmission to new hosts. This review details how different Sp100 isoforms are manipulated during herpesviruses HSV1, VZV, HCMV, EBV, and KSHV infection, identifying gaps in our current knowledge, and highlighting future areas of research.