A methodology for studying cognitive groupings in a target-tracking task
A methodology for studying cognitive groupings in a target-tracking task
复制标题
DOI：
10.1109/6979.928720
复制
发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Yufik, YM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landry, SJ;Sheridan, TB;Yufik, YM
执行视觉目标跟踪任务的受试者已被证明利用知觉组织。这个组织既有格式塔的特点，也有目标导向的特点。以前的研究试图使用记忆回忆技术来检查空中交通管制(ATC)中潜在的认知分组，这在一定程度上是一项复杂的目标跟踪任务。在本研究中，一种特殊形式的聚类分析成功地揭示了在类似ATC的目标跟踪任务中，认知分组对任务绩效有显著影响。聚类分析方法是从记忆组织的“虚拟联想网络”模型中衍生出来的，并应用于任务执行过程中的注视记录。结果使用没有经验的受试者，发现凝视聚集性与格式塔因素一致。任务目标(如冲突检测)似乎对分组没有那么大的影响。受试者的记忆力一般都很差，除了直接操纵目标的地方。我们的结论是：1)认知分组影响成绩；2)回忆技术可能不能引起被试的认知分组；3)这种分组可以通过对注视的分析来确定。这些发现对研究复杂视觉扫描任务中的工作量评估和信息结构有一定的指导意义。
Subjects performing visual target-tracking tasks have been shown to utilize perceptual organization. This organization has both Gestalt and goal-oriented features. Previous studies have attempted to use memory recall techniques to examine potential cognitive groupings in air traffic control (ATC), which is, in part, a complex target-tracking task. In the present research, a special form of cluster analysis was successful in revealing cognitive groupings having appreciable influence on task performance in a target-tracking task designed to resemble ATC. The method of cluster analysis was derived from the "virtual associative network" model of memory organization and applied to the record of eye fixations in the course of task performance. Results using inexperienced subjects showed fixation clustering consistent with Gestalt factors. Task objectives (such as conflict detection) did not seem to affect grouping as much. The subjects' recall was generally poor, except where direct manipulation of targets occurred. We conclude that: 1) cognitive grouping influences performance; 2) recall techniques may not be able to elicit subjects' cognitive groupings; and 3) such groupings can be determined via analysis of eye fixations. These findings have implications for studying workload assessment and information structuring in complex visual scanning tasks.