Topsoil characterization—recommendations for revision and expansion of the FAO-Draft (1998) with emphasis on humus forms and biological features
Topsoil characterization—recommendations for revision and expansion of the FAO-Draft (1998) with emphasis on humus forms and biological features
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jpln.200521961
复制
发表时间：
2006-06
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
G. Broll;H. Brauckmann;M. Overesch;B. Junge;C. Erber;Gerhard Milbert;D. Baize;F. Nachtergaele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Broll;H. Brauckmann;M. Overesch;B. Junge;C. Erber;Gerhard Milbert;D. Baize;F. Nachtergaele
表土的表征最近受到了越来越多的关注，特别是在环境监测方面。尽管表土对土壤质量很重要，但传统的国家和国际土壤分类法几乎没有考虑表土。因此，粮农组织开发了“可持续土地管理表土特征”，以额外用于描述表土，并将其与“世界土壤资源参考库”（WRB）相结合。本文提出了对粮农组织“表土特征”进行修订和扩展的第一步的建议。一方面，FAO“剖面描述指南”中使用的土壤描述通用规则被纳入FAO“表土特征”。另一方面，介绍了表土有机质和生物特征描述的新特征。首先，提出了拟议的德国腐殖质形式系统学，并将其与不同国家的系统学相关联，以便在国际背景下进行验证。其次，将德国新的腐殖质形态系统学与粮农组织的“可持续土地管理表土特征”和其他表土系统学进行了关联。第三，描述了额外的限定符，重点关注有机层和生物特征。发现腐殖质形式和表土的特征之间存在重合，这似乎是将腐殖质形式纳入粮农组织“表土特征”的适当基础。调查表明，森林表土可以通过有机层的附加限定词进行全面描述。通常缺乏有机层的草地或耕地可以通过有关 A 层土壤生物活性的限定词来详细描述。该方法已在温带地区成功应用。但仍需要进一步讨论修订以及在热带、亚热带地区和排水不良地区进行试验。
The characterization of topsoils has recently received enhanced attention, particularly for environmental monitoring. Traditional national and international soil taxonomies hardly consider the topsoil in spite of its importance for soil quality. Consequently, the FAO “Topsoil Characterization for Sustainable Land Management” was developed to be used additionally for describing topsoils and to combine it with the “World Reference Base for Soil Resources” (WRB). In this paper, recommendations for a first step of a revision and expansion of the FAO “Topsoil Characterization” are made. On the one hand, common rules for soil description as used in the FAO “Guidelines for Profile Description” were incorporated in the FAO “Topsoil Characterization”. On the other hand, new characteristics for the description of the organic matter and of biological features of the topsoils were introduced. At first, the proposed German systematics of humus forms is presented and correlated with different national systematics, for validation in the international context. Secondly, a correlation of the new German systematics of humus forms with the FAO “Topsoil Characterization for Sustainable Land Management” and other topsoil systematics is made. Thirdly, additional qualifiers are described focussing on the organic layers and the biological features. A coincidence between the characterization of humus forms and topsoils was found which appears to be an appropriate basis for the incorporation of humus forms in the FAO “Topsoil Characterization”. Investigations have shown that the topsoils in forests can be described comprehensively by additional qualifiers for the organic layers. Grassland or arable land which usually lack organic layers can be characterized in detail by qualifiers concerning soil biological activity in the A horizon. The methodology was already applied successfully in temperate regions. But there is still a need for further discussion of the revision and for tests in tropical and subtropical zones and poorly drained areas.