Small-Satellite Costs
Small-Satellite Costs
复制标题
小卫星成本
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Bearden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Bearden
如今，功能强大的小型卫星很常见，但情况并非总是如此。直到 20 世纪 80 年代末，现代小型卫星才出现。这种新型低调、低成本的太空系统是通过最大限度地利用现有组件和现成技术并最大限度地减少开发工作而构建的。当时，许多人认为，由于这些小型系统的功能和操作特性以及较低的购置成本，这些小型系统将比过去 30 年建造的大型系统更加普遍。但到底哪艘航天器属于新类别呢？当时的太空文献中缺乏对小型卫星（也称为“光卫星”）的精确描述。这些术语对不同的人来说意味着不同的东西。有些建立了质量阈值（例如 500 公斤）来指示卫星何时较小；其他人则以成本为标准；还有一些人使用尺寸。然而，比小型卫星的详细描述更稀缺的是小型卫星项目成本估算的指南。显然，需要对小型空间系统进行更有用的定义。到了 20 世纪 90 年代，由于人们对用于军事、商业和学术研究应用的小型卫星的兴趣日益浓厚，空军太空与导弹系统中心 (SMC) 和国家侦察办公室 (NRO) 向航空航天公司询问有关小型卫星成本的信息
ighly capable small satellites are commonplace today, but this wasn’t always the case. It wasn’t until the late 1980s that modern small satellites came on the scene. This new breed of low-profile, low-cost space system was built by maximizing the use of existing components and off-the-shelf technology and minimizing developmental efforts. At the time, many thought that because of their functional and operational characteristics and their low acquisition costs, these small systems would become more prevalent than the larger systems built during the previous 30 years. But exactly which spacecraft fell into the new category? A precise description of small satellites, or “lightsats,” as they were also called, was lacking in the space literature of the day. The terms meant different things to different people. Some established a mass threshold (e.g., 500 kilograms) to indicate when a satellite was small; others used cost as a criterion; still others used size. Even scarcer than good descriptions of small satellites, however, were guidelines for cost estimation of smallsatellite projects. Clearly, a more useful definition of small space systems was needed. By the 1990s, because of increased interest in small satellites for military, commercial, and academic research applications, the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) asked The Aerospace Corporation for information about Small-Satellite Costs